Marine products, nutrients

The regenerative medicine consists of three components cell, nutrient, and scaffold. The combinatory usage of these components is important. For the scaffold manufacturing, bioactive natural organic materials originated from marine products are indispensable because the severe inflection problems such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, avian and swine influenzas, and tooth-and-mouth disease in bovine, pig, and buffalo occur all over the world. 

Schemes for increasing the storage of carbon in the oceans include stimulation of primary production with iron fertilization and direct injection of CO2 at depth. As pointed out in Section 8.10.4.2.2., there are large areas of the ocean with high nutrient, low chlorophyll, concentrations. One explanation is that marine production is limited by the micronutrient iron. Adding iron to these regions might thus increase the ocean s biological pump, thereby reducing atmospheric CO2 (Martin, 1990 Falkowski et al., 1998). Mesoscale fertilization experiments have been carried out (Boyd et al., 2000), but the effects of large-scale iron fertilization of the ocean are not known (Chisholm, 2000).

The three-box ocean outcrop model predicts that atmospheric CO2 is controlled primarily by the degree of nutrient utilization in high-latitude surface regions. Marine production and remineralization occur with approximately fixed carbon-to-nutrient ratios, the elevated nutrients in the deep box are associated with an equivalent increase in DIG and pCOz- Large adjustments in the partitioning of... 

Oceanic surface waters are efficiently stripped of nutrients by phytoplankton. If phytoplankton biomass was not reconverted into simple dissolved nutrients, the entire marine water column would be depleted in nutrients and growth would stop. But as we saw from the carbon balance presented earlier, more than 90% of the primary productivity is released back to the water column as a reverse RKR equation. This reverse reaction is called remineralization and is due to respiration. An important point is that while production via photosynthesis can only occur in surface waters, the remineralization by heterotrophic organisms can occur over the entire water column and in the underlying sediments. 

Myklestad, S. and Haug, A. (1972). Production of carbohydrates by the marine diatom Chaetorceros afftnis var. willei (Gran) Hustedt. I. Effect of the concentration of nutrients in the culture medium, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 9, 125-136. 

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