Nutraceuticals dietary

Nutraceuticals dietary supplements that isolate and contain high levels of lycopene. 

JALILI T, wiLDMAN RFC, MEDEROs D M (2000) Nutiaceutical role of dietary fiber. J Nutraceutical, Functional and Medical Foods, 2(4) 19-34. 

Over the last decade, there has been a steady increase in the popularity and usage of natural products to enhance overall health. These nutraceuticals and functional foods modulate the function of various physiological systems including the immune system. By altering immunity, it is possible to augment an individual s ability to ward off infection, or suppress autoimmunity and chronic inflammatory diseases. Thus, the renaissance of herbal extracts as well as the increased consumption of other dietary components has afforded the public a relatively inexpensive way to self-medicate. 

By definition, a nutraceutical (derived from the term nutritional pharmaceutical ) is a foodstuff (fortified food or dietary supplement) that is held to provide health or medical benefits in addition to its basic nutritional value [1], Nutraceuticals derived from botanicals deliver a concentrated form of presumed bioactive agents from plants that are not generally part of the food supply. The term nutraceutical has no regulatory definition. Similarly, functional foods, as defined by the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), are foods that by virtue of physiologically active food components, provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition [2], For the purposes of this review, these two terms will be differentiated by the form in which they are consumed. Nutraceuticals refers to dietary supplements most often found in pill or capsule form functional foods are ingested as part of a normal food pattern. Both are intended to provide beneficial effects beyond their nutritional value, and contribute to an improved state of health and/or reduction of risk of disease. 

A marine nutraceutical is defined as a marine-derived substance that can be used as a dietary supplement or a food ingredient that provides a medicinal or health benefit beyond basic nutrition [Barrow, C.. and F. Shahidi (2008). Marine Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. CRC Press. 494 pp.] Cosmoceuticals are cosmetic products with drug-like benefits conferred by ingredients such as vitamins, phytochemicals, enzymes, antioxidants, and essential oils. 

There have been continuous search for new substances that can improve biological functions and possibility of applying these compounds to promote well-being of human. This has resulted in development of products such as vitamins, dietary supplements, functional foods, nutraceuticals, phytochemicals, bio-chemopreventatives, and designer foods (Zeisel,... 

Aggarwal, . B., Kuiken, M. E. V., Iyer, L. H., Harikumar, . B., and Sung, B. (2009). Molecular targets of nutraceuticals derived from dietary spices Potential role in suppression of inflammation and tumorigenesis. Exp. Biol. Med. 243, 825-849. 

The biochemical stability of food colloids is now attracting considerable research interest because of its obvious relevance to the delivery and bioavailability of nutrients and nutraceuticals in vivo. In particular, the processes of enzymatic hydrolysis occurring at the triglyceride-water interface appear important because most dietary lipids are present in the human stomach at some stage in the form of emulsified droplets (size 20-40 pm) (Armand et al., 1994 McClements et al., 2008 Dickinson, 2008 Singh et cil, 2009 McClements and Decker, 2009). 

A number of compounds found in foods of plant origin have potentially protective effects, although they cannot be considered to be dietary essentials they are variously known as phytonutrients, phytoceuticals, or nutraceuticals. Such compounds include allyl sulfur compounds, flavonoids, glucosinolates, and phytoestrogens. 

The annual productions of barley and oats average about 141 and 25 million metric tons in the world (11), respectively. Like com, most barley and oat grain is used for animal feed (about 70% of world production) (115). Today, the use of oat and barley in human foods is very limited. However, recent interests in oat- and barley-derived dietary fibers enriched in p-glucan create a great potential for functional foods, nutraceuticals, and other value-added product development from these grains. 

Two other broad terms that are used quite frequently are nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. Nutraceuticals include food, dietary supplements, and medical or functional foods that have a health or medical benefit including the prevention or treatment of disease. The newest term, introduced by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) is dietary supplement. A dietary supplement is neither a food nor a drug, according to the FDA. This term encompasses vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, and any other dietary substance for use by humans to supplement the diet and promote health. 

Blackcurrants have extraordinarily high vitamin C content (302 percent of daily value per 100 g) good DV levels of dietary fiber, potassium, phosphorus, iron, and vitamin B5 and a broad range of other essential nutrients. Blackcurrant seeds are also rich in many nutrients, and seed oils have value in nutraceuticals and cosmetics. 

Anthocyanins are a proanthocyanidin-type of flavonoid distributed in various fruits. These anthocyanins are the most important visible plant pigments in the natural kingdom. Anthocyanins have been clinically used in many folklore medicines worldwide for the treatment of age-related diseases and other disease. This review presents the functionality of anthocyanins in relation to their chemistry, synthetic pathway, antioxidant activity, antitumor activity (including apoptosis-inducing activity), pharmacodynamics (absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion) and toxicity, and discusses their possible use as food and dietary supplements and usage in potential nutraceuticals. 

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