Cartagena Protocol

United nations Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, 2003. http //www.biodiv. org/ doc/publications/bs-brochure-03-en.pdf... 

In one form or another, the language of precaution has now been adopted in many international treaties and conventions, such as the North Sea Declaration (1987), The Ozone Layer Protocol (1987), the Ministerial Declaration of the Second World Climate Conference (1990), the Maastricht Treaty that created the European Union (1994), the United Nations Fisheries Convention (1995), The London Convention Protocol on ocean dumping (1996) and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000), among others. 

Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2000). Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, Geneva. 

Modem biotechnology has been defined as the application of a) In vitro nucleic acid techniques, including recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and direct injection of nucleic acid into cells or organelles, or b) Fusion of cells beyond the taxonomic family, that overcome natural physiological reproductive or recombination barriers and that are not techniques used in traditional breeding and selection, in the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (SCBD, 2000) and by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex, 2003a). 

SCBD (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity) (2000), Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity Text and Annexes, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Canada. 

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