Nuclear analytical techniques applications

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a supreme technique for elemental analysis (Section 8.6.1). Other nuclear analytical techniques, such as PIXE (Section 8.4.2) and RBS, also find application in investigations of diffusion processes [445]. 

Salbu B and Steinnes E (1992) Applications of nuclear analytical techniques in environmental research. Analyst 117 243 - 249. 

Other major literature on NAA in the form of chapters in books also cover in depth or include a discussion of the applications of activation analysis. In earlier years, good coverage appeared by Comar (1969) on clinical applications of activation analysis in Advances in Activation Analysis. Writing in Nuclear Analytical Techniques in Medicine, Cesareo (1988b) authored a contribution on Photon induced X-Ray emission. Of note is the fact that this is dually classified... 

Some examples of applications of nuclear activation analytical techniques to elemental determinations in a variety of materials are presented in Table 2.10. The specific contents of some of these and other publications may be briefly highlighted. Cunningham and Stroube Jr. (1987) provide a nice coverage of the application of an instrumental neutron activation analysis procedure to analysis of food, describing the capabilities of INAA for the multielement analysis of foods as carried out for many years, and also currently, by analysts of the US Food and Drug Administration stationed at the NIST Nuclear reactor facility. Salbu and Steinnes (1992) touch upon applications of nuclear analytical techniques in environmental research, and Norman and Iyengar... 

Among all these analytical approaches, nuclear analytical techniques with their unique features, like high sensitivity, good accuracy and precision, nondestructiveness, no and/or reduced matrix effect and so on deserve their application in this emerging field. 

This book is written by experts from disciplines as diverse as analytical chemistry, nuclear chemistry, environmental science, molecular biology, and medicinal chemistry in order to identify potential hot spots of metallomics and metalloproteomics. The scientific fundamentals of new approaches, like isotopic techniques combined with ICP-MS/ESI-MS/MS, the synchrotron radiation-based techniques. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and neutron scattering, as well as their various applications, with a focus on mercury, selenium, chromium, arsenic, iron and metal-based medicines are critically reviewed, which can help to understand their impacts on human health. The book will be of particular interest to researchers in the fields of environmental and industrial chemistry, biochemistry, nutrition, toxicology, and medicine. Basically, the book has two aims. The first deals with the educational point of view. Chapters 2 to 7 provide the basic concept of each of the selected nuclear analytical techniques and should be understandable by Master and PhD students in chemistry, physics, biology and nanotechnology. The... 

The information on the chemical speciation of trace elements in biological systems is much needed to evaluate their biological significance. Although a number of analytical techniques based on atomic behavior are available for the analysis of chemical speciation of trace elements, neutron activation analysis, as a nuclear analytical technique, can be successfully used in chemical speciation studies, after appropriate fractionation steps. Table 2.5 lists some typical applications of NAA in chemical speciation analysis of metalloproteins. The main advantages of NAA are of its high sensitivity and the absence of matrix effects inherited from the conventional neutron activation analysis. It can, therefore, be used to analyze the chemical species of trace elements in very small samples or complicated matrices, which is often impossible for non-nuclear techniques. 

Applications of Nuclear Analytical Techniques for Iron-omics Studies... 

Nuclear analytical techniques include different methods for elemental analysis which are based on nuclear processes or simply employ nuclear instrumentation. The common feature is the use of sophisticated, highly developed equipment which has great versatility and therefore is able to cope with the specific requirements of the field of application. Metallomics is a subject receiving great attention as a new frontier in the investigation of trace elements... 

As a key lab of Chinese Academy of Sciences, most of the important nuclear analytical techniques are available and also open to external users from various disciplines. In addition, the synchrotron radiation facility in our institute provides useful beamlines for metallomics and metalloproteomics-related researches. Therefore, based on these convenient conditions, we have developed related methodology and application over the past 20 years. In this book, we outline our main achievements and current progress in the metallomics and metalloproteomics on several important elements (Hg, Se, As, REEs, etc) and nanomaterials made within the last 10 years. 

Yuxi Gao is an associate professor at Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He obtained his PhD degree in environmental sciences in 2000 from Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His current research focuses on the methodology of metallomics and metallo-proteomics based on the nuclear analytical techniques the applications of metallomics and metalloproteomics tourniquets on the environmental and biomedical research the homeostasis of trace elements and their regulatory mechanism the structure, function and structure-function relationship of important metalloproteins. 

Llabador, Y. Moretto, P. Applications of Nuclear Microprobes in the Life Sciences—An Efficient Analytical Technique for Research in Biology and Medicine, World Scientific Singapore, 1998. Cookson, J.A. Ferguson, A.T.G. Pilling, F. J. Radioanal. Chem. 1972,12, 39. 

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful and versatile analytical technique that can provide site-specific information about chemical bonding, structure and dynamics in molecular systems. NMR applications have made a major impact in a variety of disciplines ranging from materials science to molecular biology and bioinorganic... 

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