NSSS Components

The pressurizer is designed as a cylindrical vessel, its cover being tiie central cover of the reactor vessel. The pressurizer is separated into two cavities central where the "water-gas" phase separation level is set in all power modes of operation, and annular peripheral cavity housing a heat exchanger connected to NSSS component cooling system. The annular cavity is connected by pipelines with upper part of the reactor and with the central cavity. Inner surface of cylindrical... 

Based on the specific Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS) design currently available, the parametric site screening study was performed with the CIASSI computer code to ascertain the site conditions which will produce the largest seismic responses In selected NSSS components. On the basis of this study, the following three representative sites shown in Figure 3.7-4 and described below were selected for further study with the SASSI computer code ... 

A linearly varying soil profile from Vg - 335 m/s (1,100 ft/s) at grade to Vg - 762 m/s (2500 ft/s) at a depth of 47.5 m (156 ft) arid then constant below, since this case represents the maximtun linear rate variation of soil properties over the silo length based upon available site data. Furthermore, this soil profile controls the spectrum responses at certain NSSS components in the range of 4 to 11 Hz. 

Choice of hard-facing materials for NSSS components... 

BHADURI, A.K., INDIRA, R., et. al.. Recommended Hard facing Materials for NSSS Components of PFBR, Task Force Report No. IGC/HTF/04, March 2000. 

Fabrication and Processing of Ferritic Materials Fracture Toughness NSSS Components... 

All raw austenitic stainless steel material, both wrought and cast, used in the fabrication of the major NSSS components in the RCPB, is supplied in the annealed condition as specified by the pertinent ASTM or ASME Code 1900-2050 F for 1/2 to 1 hour per inch of thickness and water quenched to below 700°F. The time at temperature is determined by the size and type of component. 

Specific requirements for cleanliness and contamination protection are included in the equipment specifications for components fabricated with austenitic stainless steel. The provisions described below indicate the type of procedures utilized for NSSS components to provide contamination control during fabrication, shipment, and storage as required by Regulatory Guide 1.37. 

Nfointenance facilities for NSSS components are provided within the Reactor Building within the transfer corridor and, if necessary, within a specially constructed off-island building. New or replacement reactor components can be delivered to the transfer corridor for movement to the reactor. Transfer of activated and contaminated components from the reactor building or transfer corridor to any off-island facility and vice versa will be within a transit flask, and in conjunction with a special purpose transport system. 

VALIK calculates vapor-liquid vaporization equilibrium ratios, K(I), for each component in a mixture of N components (N 20) at specified liquid composition, vapor composition, temperature, and pressure. 

LILIK CALCULATES TWO RHASE EFFECTIVE LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM RATIOS K FOR ALL N COMPONENTS IN.LE.20) WHOSE INDICES APPEAR IN VECTOR ID,... 

ENTH calculates vapor or liquid enthalpies, J/mole, (reference, ideal gas at 300 K) for a mixture of N components (N <... 

IN JOULES/GMDL FOR MIXTURES OF N COMPONENTS (N.LE 20i WHOSE INDICES... 

GAMMA calculates activity coefficients for N components (N 20) at system temperature. For noncondensable components effective infinite-dilution activity coefficients are calculated. 

FLASH determines the equilibrium vapor and liquid compositions resultinq from either an isothermal or adiabatic equilibrium flash vaporization for a mixture of N components (N 20). The subroutine allows for presence of separate vapor and liquid feed streams for adaption to countercurrent staged processes. 

BUDEP calculates the bubble-point pressure or the dew-point pressure for a mixture of N components (N j< 20) at specified temperature and liquid or vapor composition. The subroutine also furnishes the composition of the incipient vapor or liquid and the vaporization equilibrium ratios. 

BLIPS calculates equilibrium phase compositions for a partially miscible liquid system of N components (N 20). 

MISCIBLE N COMPONENT LIQUID SYSTEMS IN.LF.ZOI OF OVERALL COMPOSITION... 

PARCH changes all parameters for N components in the common storage blocks /PURE/ and /BINARY/ either by replacing a previous component and/or its parameters or by adding components, thus increasing the library of M ( < 100) components. 

PARCH CHANGES THE PARAMETERS FOR N COMPONENTS IN THE COMMON STORAGE... 

To obtain the different values of p, it is only hecessary to produce as many independent equations as there are components in the mixture and, if the mixture has n components, to solve a system of n equations having n unknowns. Individual analysis is now possible for mixtures having a few components but even gasoline has more than 200 It soon becomes unrealistic to have ail the sensitivity coefficients necessary for analysis in this case, 200. ... 

There are n Stefan-Maxwell relations in an n-component mixture, but they are not independent since each side of (2.16) yields zero on summing over r from 1 to n. Physically this is not surprising, since they describe only momentum exchange between pairs of species, and say nothing about the total momentum of the mixture. In order to complete the determination of the fluxes N.... N the Stefan-Maxwell relations must be supple-I n... 

Selectivity The selectivity of molecular fluorescence and phosphorescence is superior to that of absorption spectrophotometry for two reasons first, not every compound that absorbs radiation is fluorescent or phosphorescent, and, second, selectivity between an analyte and an interferant is possible if there is a difference in either their excitation or emission spectra. In molecular luminescence the total emission intensity is a linear sum of that from each fluorescent or phosphorescent species. The analysis of a sample containing n components, therefore, can be accomplished by measuring the total emission intensity at n wavelengths. 

Torsional barriers are referred to as n-fold barriers, where the torsional potential function repeats every 2n/n radians. As in the case of inversion vibrations (Section 6.2.5.4a) quantum mechanical tunnelling through an n-fold torsional barrier may occur, splitting a vibrational level into n components. The splitting into two components near the top of a twofold barrier is shown in Figure 6.45. When the barrier is surmounted free internal rotation takes place, the energy levels then resembling those for rotation rather than vibration. 

Provided the design is such that it can be represented by coordinates which fall within the unshaded area, then the residual stress will not exceed the yield strength of the material. When the cylinder is built up of n components of the same material, it can be shown (35,36) that the interference per unit radius required for all cylinder mating operations is given by... 

The quantityp(j) is the probabUity that exactiyjy out of n components survive the test where the component rehabUity is R... 

For mixtures, the acentric factor is usually taken as a simple molar average value of the n components of the mixture. 

In general, the surface tension of a Hquid mixture is not a simple function of the pure component surface tensions because the composition of the mixture surface is not the same as the bulk. For nonaqueous solutions of n components, the method of Winterfeld, Scriven, and Davi is apphcable ... 

Vector and Matrix Norms To carry out error analysis for approximate and iterative methods for the solutions of linear systems, one needs notions for vec tors in iT and for matrices that are analogous to the notion of length of a geometric vector. Let R denote the set of all vec tors with n components, x = x, . . . , x ). In dealing with matrices it is convenient to treat vectors in R as columns, and so x = (x, , xj however, we shall here write them simply as row vectors. 

Since Y has N components, while Y and Yf have N/2 components, Yl and Yf are repeated once to give N components in the calculation of Y. This decomposition can be used recursively. Thus, Yf is split into even and odd terms of length N/4. 

Stefan-Maxwell Equations Following Eq. (5-182), a simple and intuitively appeahng flux equation for apphcations involving N components is... 

Batch distillation, which is the process of separating a specific quantity (the charge) of a liquid mixture into products, is used extensively in the laboratory and in small production units that may have to serve for many mixtures. When there are N components in the feed, one batch column will suffice where N — 1 simple continuous-distillatiou columns would be required. 

Because an N-component system has N — I independent concentrations, a three-component equilibrium can be plotted in a plane and a four-component equilibrium in a three-dimensional space. Figure 16-8 shows a triangular plot of c contours in equilibrium with the corresponding /I coordinates. 

Step 1. From a histogram of the data, partition the data into N components, each roughly corresponding to a mode of the data distribution. This defines the Cj. Set the parameters for prior distributions on the 6 parameters that are conjugate to the likelihoods. For the normal distribution the priors are defined in Eq. (15), so the full prior for the n components is... 

The origin of the preference for the eclipsed conformation of propene can be explained in MO terms by focusing attention on the interaction between the double bond and the n component of the orbitals associated with the methyl group. The dominant interaction is a repulsive one between the filled methyl group orbitals and the filled n orbital of the double bond. This repulsive interaction is greater in the bisected conformation than in the eclipsed conformation. ... 

Out of N components what is the probability of M failures For example, if, i process ha,s N tanks what is the probability that M will fail ... 

A related problem is to find the probability of M failures or less out of N components. This is found by summing equation 2.4-9 for values less than M as given by equation 2.4-10 which can be used to calculate a one-sided confidence bound over a binomial distribution (Abramowitz and Stegun, p. 960). 

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