Nose sprays

Nasal formulations of modern sympathicomimet-ics like oxymetazoline and xylometazoline are effective. Rebound nasal congestion after withdrawal of sympathicomimetic-containing nose sprays or drops is a common phenomenon and patients should be advised to use these medicaments no longer than 3-5 days. Older per oral drugs like ephedrine and pseudo-ephedrine have no place in the therapy of rhinitis due to the risk of serious adverse reactions which are not in proportion to the indication. 

Is the new medication better than the nose spray medication for osteoporosis ... 

The application of medicines in the nose usually aims at a local effect (e.g., for decongestion of the mucous membrane of the nose, or to administer anti-allergic medicines). In recent years, it has become clear that the nose can be used as a route for systemic therapy as well. Nose drops and nose sprays are the most commonly used nasal preparations. 

When the label of a medicine bears the warning Shake well before use , some explanation to the patient may be needed to avoid mistakes. For nose sprays, which are suspensions for instance, the patient should first shake well and then start pumping, to prevent clogging of the tube. 

Neo-Synephrine is the active ingredient in some nose sprays used to reduce swelling of nasal membranes. Identify the functional groups in the structure of Neo-Synephrine. 

Rhinitis is characterized by nasal stuffiness with partial or full obstmction, and itching of the nose, eyes, palate, or pharynx, sneezing, and rhinorrhoea. If left untreated it can lead to more serious respiratory diseases such as sinusitis or asthma. Although several types of dmgs are available for treatment, nasal spray topical corticosteroids are widely regarded as the reference standard in rhinitis therapy (250). 

Sprays applied to the skin or into the nose or oral cavity... 

Patients prescribed intranasal steroids should be instructed to shake the product gently before each use and prime the pump before the first use or if not used for more than 1 week. Clear nasal passages before use, and avoid nose blowing for 10 to 15 minutes after use. Rare cases of septal perforation have been reported therefore, administration of the spray away from the septum should be stressed. Effects are not immediate, and regular use is... 

Maximum dose is 3 mj day prime sprayer four times before using do not tilt head back or inhale through nose while spraying discard open ampules after 8 hours... 

Wood, W. F., Fisher, C. O., and Graham, G. A. (1993). Volatile components in defensive spray of the hog-nose skunk, Conepatusmesoleucus. Journal ofChemicalEcology 19,837-841. 

Contact of the material with the skin may cause dermatitis. Dermal absorption and ingestion of aerosol droplets trapped in the nose appear to be the primary routes of entry in spraying operations. 

In a study of 30 workers engaged in spraying paraquat over a 12-week period, approximately 50% of them had minor irritation of the eyes or nose one worker had an episode of epistaxis. Of 296 spray operators with skin exposure described as gross and prolonged, 55 had damaged fingernails. The most... 

Adults and children 2 or more years of age - One spray in each nostril 3 to 6 times/day at regular intervals every 4 to 6 hours. Maximum effects may not be seen for 1 to 2 weeks. Clear the nasal passages before administering the spray and inhale through the nose during administration. 

Local irritation Approximately 5% noted irritation in the nose and throat after using sumatriptan nasal spray. The symptoms were transient and, in approximately 60% of the cases, resolved in less than 2 hours. 

Increase in blood pressure Significant elevation in blood pressure has been reported on rare occasions in patients with and without a history of hypertension. Local Irritation Approximately 30% of patients using dihydroergotamine nasal spray (compared with 9% of placebo patients) have reported irritation in the nose or throat and/or disturbance in taste. 

NICOTINE NASAL SPRAY Instruct patients to stop smoking completely when using the product. Instruct them not to sniff, swallow, or inhale through the nose as the spray is being administered. Advise patients to administer the spray with the head tilted back slightly. 

Nasal corticosteroids are effective in vasomotor rhinitis, but because of the duration of the disorder, certain caution is advised to avoid systemic effects and local adverse reactions after long-term use. Ipratropium bromide spray works well if the dominating problem is runny nose. 

Nasal congestion Intranasal Use 2 or 3 drops or sprays of a 0.25 to 0.5% solution in the nose every 4 hours as needed... 

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