Ampule opening

The design foresees an independent direct action DRCS in which absorber balls, stored in an ampule at the top of the fuel assembly, can be dropped down a control tube in each FA. If the FA outlet temperature increases to 120°C, a special local isolating device in the ampule opens and the balls drop into the central tube (i.e. in the core). However, the real necessity for including the DRCS in the RUTA reactor is presently being studied, since the reactor safety can be ensured by the inherent and passive features without the DRCS. 

Commercially available containers for use with parenteral products include single-dose ampuls that are heat sealed and opened by snapping at the point of least diameter, vials for multidose use, and botdes and pHable bags that are used for large volumes such as needed in intravenous infusions. Container size can vary from 1 mL to 1 L. Generally volumes up to 100 mL are available as ampuls or vials. 

When administered orally, cromolyn is given 1/2 hour before meals and at bedtime The oral form of the drug comes in an ampule The ampule is opened and the contents poured into a glass of water. The nurse stirs the mixture thoroughly. The patient must drink all of the mixture The drug may not be mixed with any other substance (eg, fruit juice, milk, or foods). 

BSTFA should be used within 10 min after opening the ampule to ensure complete derivatization. BSTFA readily absorbs moisture, which will interfere with derivatization. 

Place the acid ampule into a rubber contraceptive or toy balloon, along with a few spoonsful of sugar-chlorate mixture and one nonelectric blasting cap. Then tie the opening of the rubber container tightly. See Figure 17. 

Secondly, be sure the acid ampule is surrounded by the sugar-chlorate mixture and that the open end of the blasting cap is lying in a quantity of the mixture. 

Maximum dose is 3 mj day prime sprayer four times before using do not tilt head back or inhale through nose while spraying discard open ampules after 8 hours... 

Various methods have been devised to prevent oxidation during storage. The most obvious is to store the LSD in nitrogen filled containers, but the excellent protection thus afforded is of course lost when the bottle or ampule is opened. Another method is to use an antioxidant Brown and Smith recommend ascorbic acid. A more sophisticated method, recommended on the highest authority, is to... 

Using thumbs, break open the neck of the ampule by snapping the top toward the body. 

Safely dispose of the open ampule, out of the reach of children and as instructed by a health care provider. 

Break open and squeeze liquid contents of ampule(s) into a glass of water. 

Cyclohexene was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Ltd. Japan, or Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., and used after distillation from lithium aluminum hydride. Borane-dimethyl sulfide complex was obtained from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., and was used as received. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Ltd. Japan or Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., and used without purification. The checkers used a freshly opened ampule of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid for each run. 

Ca hypochlorite, or water were introduced in polyethylene ampules (vol 250 m3) into the bore hole, whose opening was hermetically sealed by a hydroseal, and water was introduced into the bore hole under pressure... 

Into a glass tube was introduced 2-/erf-butylsulfanylacrylonitrile (21 1.41 g, 0.01 mol) and a few crystals of hydroquinone. The tube was then connected to a vessel containing chlorotrifluoroethene (CFTE) (1.7 g, 0.015 mol) which was distilled into it by cooling to — 78 °C. The tube was then sealed under vacuum, inserted into a metal tube, and the whole was heated in an oil bath for 8 h at 120°C. Caution the ampule may explode if not properly sealed. The tube was cooled in liquid N2 and opened. Excess CFTE was left... 

Add 100 pi of BSTFA+TMCS to each tube. Open ampules fresh daily. Mix carefully, cap, and allow to react in a heating block for 30 min at 80°C. Discard any left-over reagent. 

With the exception of the neutral halo complexes, which are prepared by direct reaction of the halogen with the metal, and a number of complexes generated by the direct reaction of the metal with a strong acid, coordination complexes of Os are prepared directly or indirectly from [0s04] (2). The latter is a toxic, volatile solid, normally purchased in 1-g ampuls and opened within the reaction mixture contained in a fume hood to prevent escape of the toxic vapor (3) and loss of the reactant. It is also available as an aqueous solution of osmic acid, which is suitable for some reactions. 

A mixture of tetrafluoroethene (2.45 g, 24.5 mmol), 02 (24.5 mmol) and 03 (0.03 mmol) was condensed in a Pyrex tube (33 ml) with a long capillary neck containing hexafluorobenzene (8.3 g). After 5 d reaction in (he dark at 15 C, the ampule was opened and the volatile products were analyzed and separated by GC [He as carrier gas, —9 C, bis(2-ethylhcxyl) sebacate on kieselguhrl yields 17 (0.67 g, 24%), 21 (0.38 g, 23%). A highly viscous residue that contained 19 (1.5 g) was diluted with hexafluorobenzene and treated with a slight excess of 57% HI (1 part) and glacial HOAc (10 parts), usually at rt. The whole apparatus was swept with He and the C02 evolved during the reduction was absorbed by standard Ba(OH)2. 

Fig. 1.21. Typical assemblies of Schlenk ware. Commercial apparatus is illustrated similar apparatus with O-ring joints in place of standard taper joints is preferred by the authors. (

Fig. 1.24. Opening a sealed ampule. (a) The neck of the ampule is carefully scored using a glass knife. (b) A metal tube of larger diameter than the ampule neck is placed over the neck. Inert gas flowing through the metal tube will minimize exposure of the ampule contents to air once the neck is broken. A quick jerk is then applied to the metal tube, which snaps the neck off (c) at the score.

The ampul is removed from the furnace and opened. Caution. Hydrogen selenide vapors are formed during the washing, and it is advisable that this operation also be performed in a hood. The crystals of cadmium chromium(III) selenide can be washed in water to remove the cadmium chloride. The crystals are black octahedra which vary in size up to about 3 mm. on an edge. The only impurities detected in these crystals by arc emission spectrographic analysis were Mg and Cu, and these are present only in amounts of less than 20 p.p.m. Anal. Calcd. for CdCr2 Se4 Cd, 21.1 Cr, 19.5 Se, 59.3. Found Cd, 20.8 Cr, 17.7 Se, 58.6. 

The cup is removed from the autoclave, and the ampul is transferred into a Dewar vessel filled with liquid nitrogen. The cooled ampul is rolled in several layers of filter paper and opened by tapping with a hammer. This should be done with extreme caution. The contents of the ampul Eire transferred to a porcelain dish, washed several times with methanol, and dried between... 

Using a tray and vacuum system, whereby the liquid is drawn into the open ampule by vacuum... 

The ampule is transferred to the breaker station, where the ampule is opened. 

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