Nonobese diabetic mouse

Shizuru, J. A., Taylor-Edwards, C., Banks, B. A., Gregory, A. K., and Fathman, C. G. (1988). Immunotherapy of the nonobese diabetic mouse Treatment with an antibody to T-helper lymphocytes. Science 240, 659-662. 

The nonobese diabetic mouse (NOD), as well as the biobreeding (BB) rats are the two rodent models whose diabetes-related immunopathology is considered to be quite similar to that in humans. Studies in these animal models have revealed that autoreactive T cells that mediate islet 8 cell destruction belong to the Thl subset of T cells (produce IL-2 and IFN-7), whereas regulatory T cells are of the Th2 type (produce IL-4 and IL-10). Because Thl and Th2 cells are mutually inhibitory, there have been many trials using IL-4 and/or IL-10 for the prevention of autoimmune disease, like autoimmune diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (Evans et al., 1996 Boyle et al., 1999), and inflammatory bowel disease (Rogy et al., 2000). 

Pennline, K.J., Roque-Gaffney, E. and Monahan, M. (1994) Recombinant human IL-10 prevents the onset of diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse. Clin. Immunol. Immuno-pathol., 71,169-175. 

Gallichan, W. S., Balasa, B., Davies, J. D. and Sarvetnick, N. (1999). Pancreatic IL-4 expression results in islet-reactive Th2 cells that inhibit diabetogenic lymphocytes in the nonobese diabetic mouse. J. Immunol. 163, 1696-1703. 

Akita mousey insulin gene—mutated mouse db/db mouse, leptin receptor deficient mouse NOD mouse, nonobese diabetic mouse ob/ob mouse, obese mouse. 

Models of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice (NOD) mice, insulin-dependent diabetes, and experimental allergic encephalyomyelitis (EAE) were also used to evaluate naked pDNA therapy. In the latter models, a predominant Thl cytokine response is thought to play a role in disease symptoms and etiology. Treatment of these mouse models with a TH2 type cytokine, such as IL-10 or IL-4, has been found to shift the immune response and lessen the severity of disease. Therefore, the efficacy of pDNA delivery of a Th2 cytokine was explored in these specific models. 

Nakata, H., Maeda, K., Miyakawa, T., Shibayama, S., Matsuo, M., Takaoka, Y., et al. (2005). Potent anti-R5 human immimodeficiency virus type 1 effects of a CCR5 antagonist, AK602/ONO4128/GW873140, in a novel human peripheral blood mononuclear cell nonobese diabetic-SCID, interleukin-2 receptor gamma-chain-knocked-out AIDS mouse model. Journal of Virology, 79(4), 2087—2096. http //dx.doi.org/10.1128/ JVI.79.4.2087-2096.2005. 

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