Nonmetals periodic table location

The location of the metals in the periodic table is shown in Figure 17-4. We see that the metals are located on the left side of the table, while the nonmetals are exclusively in the upper right corner. Furthermore, the elements on the left side of the table have relatively low ionization energies. We shall see that the low ionization energies of the metallic elements aid in explaining many of the features of metallic behavior. 

The elements that are commonly part of organic compounds are all located in the upper right corner of the periodic table. They are all nonmetals. The bonds between atoms of these elements are essentially covalent. (Some organic molecules may form ions nevertheless, the bonds tvithin each organic ion are covalent. For example, the salt sodium acetate consists of sodium ions, Na+, and acetate ions, C2H,02. Despite the charge, the bonds within the acetate ion are all covalent.)... 

The following elements have an electronegativity of 3.0 or greater N, O, F, S and Cl. These nonmetals are located in the upper right hand corner of the periodic table, but do not include H or He. 

Metals are located at the left side of the periodic table and therefore, in comparison with nonmetals, have (a) fewer outer shell electrons, (b) lower electronegativities, (c) more negative standard reduction potentials and (d) less endothermic ionization energies. 

A Even though hydrogen is located on the left side of the periodic table, it is a nonmetal. 

You should highlight or color the metalloid elements on the periodic table for practice to help you locate the metals and nonmetals. Left = Metals Right = Nonmetals. 

Locate each of the following elements on the periodic table and label it as a metal or a nonmetal. 

The transition elements form three series of metals that progress from elements that give up or lose electrons (metals) to elements that gain or accept electrons (nonmetals). The elements that are in transition from metals to nonmetals are located in the center of the periodic table in periods 4, 5, and 6 and are found in groups 3 through 12. 

Period 5 (group 3 [IIIB] to group 12 [IIB]) is located in the second row of the transition elements and represents 10 of the transition metals to nonmetals found in the periodical table of chemical elements. This period is also known to include some of the so-called rare-earth elements. Most of the rare-earths are found in the lanthanide series, which follows barium (period 6, group 3). (Check the periodic table to locate the major rare-earth elements in the lanthanide series. These are addressed in a later section of the book.)... 

Tellurium is a silver-white, brittle crystal with a metallic luster and has semiconductor characteristics. It is a metalloid that shares properties with both metals and nonmetals, and it has some properties similar to selenium and sulfur, located just above it in group 16 of the periodic table. 

The halogens are the family of nonmetal elements in group 17 (VIIA) that are located just to the right of the oxygen group 16 on the periodic table of chemical elements. They are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). 

Not only is ununoctium expected to be a gas, but it should also be a nonmetal when discovered. It is located at the bottom of group 18 (VIIIA) in the periodic table and could be expected to have some of the characteristics of it neighbors above it in this group. When first and erroneously reported as being discovered, it was said to have 118 protons and 175 neutrons in its nucleus for an atomic mass number (amu) of 293, which would make it the heaviest of the yet-to-be discovered elements. 

Hydrogen is located on the far left of the periodic table, but it s actually a nonmetal. In keeping with this hydrogenic craziness, hydrogen can appear as either the first or second element in a binary (two-element) molecular compound, as shown by dihydrogen monosulfide (H2S) and phosphorus trihydride (PH3). 

Nonmetals An element located toward the upper right of the periodic table that is neither a metal nor a metalloid. 

FIGURE J.3 The location of acidic, amphoteric, and basic oxides in the main groups of the periodic table. Metals form basic oxides, nonmetals form acidic oxides. The diagonal band of amphoteric oxides closely matches the diagonal band of metalloids (recall Fig. B.18). 

Nonmetals are located on the right side of the periodic table, and are in dark blue boxes. Nonmetals may be solids, liquids, or gases. The solid nonmetals tend to be brittle. With the exception of carbon in the form of graphite, they do not conduct electricity. If they form ions, nonmetals tend to form anions. 

Metals are located on the left side of the periodic table. Metals tend to form cations, are generally ductile and malleable, and are good electrical and thermal conductors. Nonmetals are located on the right side of the periodic table. Nonmetals tend to form anions and have a wide variety of physical properties. Metalloids look like metals but have electrical conductivity intermediate between metals and nonmetals. For this reason, metalloids are called semiconductors. 

In Chapter 10 elements were discussed that as a rule tend to be toxic in their various forms. Chapter 11 covers toxic inorganic compounds of elements that are not themselves generally regarded as toxic. These elements include for the most part the lighter nonmetals located in the upper right of the periodic table (Figure 1.3) and exclude the heavy metals. Most of the elements involved in the inorganic compounds discussed in this chapter are those that are essential for life processes. Any division between toxic and nontoxic elements is by nature artificial in that most of the heavy metals have compounds of relatively low toxicity, and there are deadly compounds that contain elements essential for life. 

The semimetals, or metalloids, are known to exhibit some of the properties of metals and some of those of nonmetals. The semimetals are B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, and At. They are highlighted in bold in the partial periodic table in Figure 4.1. The elements located to the left of the semimetals are the metals those to the right of the semimetals are the nonmetals. Identifying an element as a metal, nonmetal, or semimetal is important in identifying periodic trends and in identifying the types of bonds that atoms will form with each other. 

Solution K and Ca are located on the left side of the periodic table and are metals. Br and Ne are on the right side of the semimetals and are nonmetals. Hydrogen, although on the left side of the periodic table, is a nonmetal. If you re still not convinced about hydrogen, ask yourself about the properties of hydrogen gas and see where those properties fit in the comparison chart on p. 77. 

Sketch a simplified version of the periodic table and indicate the location of groups, periods, metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. 

Thinking Criticaiiy A gaseous element is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, and is extremely nonreactive. Is the element likely to be a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid Where would the element be located on the periodic table Explain. 

Where are the most reactive nonmetals located on the periodic table The most reactive metals ... 

Analyzing and Concluding The location of all the halogens in group 7A in the periodic table tells you that halogens have common characteristics. Indeed, halogens are all nonmetals and have seven electrons in their outermost orbitals. However, each halogen has its own characteristics, too, such as its ability to react with other substances. 

Carbon is a nonmetal element located in group 4A of the periodic table. Elements in this group have four valence electrons. Carbon usually shares its four valence electrons to form four covalent bonds. 

All of the elements on the periodic table break up into three major categories metals, nonmetals, and semimetals. Metals are elements with relatively few valence electrons, which tend to form positive ions by losing one or more electrons. Metals tend to be good conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals are elements that have more valence electrons and tend to form negative ions by gaining one or more electrons. Nonmetals tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity. Semimetals, which are also called metalloids or semiconductors, tend to have some characteristics of metals and some of nonmetals. Figure 3-7b shows a periodic table that shows the locations of the three basic types of elements. 

Table 10-1 contains lists of the common amphoteric hydroxides. Three are hydroxides of metalloids, As, Sb, and Si, which are located along the line that divides metals and nonmetals in the periodic table. 

The color coding in the periodic table on pages 92 and 93 identifies which elements are metals (blue), nonmetals (yellow), and metalloids (green). The majority of the elements are metals. They occupy the entire left side and center of the periodic table. Nonmetals occupy the upper-right-hand corner. Metalloids are located along the boimdary between metals and non-metals. Each of these classes has characteristic chemical and physical properties, so by knowing whether an element is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid, you can make predictions about its behavior. Elements are classified as metals, metalloids, or nonmetals on the basis of their physical and chemical properties. 

This chapter looks at various aspects of each of the alkali metals. (Notice that hydrogens location on the periodic table makes it appear as if it belongs in Group 1 with the rest of the alkali metals, even though it is actually classified as a nonmetal.) The history and other characteristics of each of these metals will be discussed. Many of the alkali metals play important roles in the environment, in technology, and in health and medicine. 

Metals and nonmetals differ in the way in which they form ions. Metallic elements (located at the left of the periodic table) tend to form positively charged ions called cations. Positive ions are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons, for example. 

---