Non-cytotoxicity

The biological impact of starch capped copper nanoparticles on mouse embryonic fibroblast (3T3L1) cells in vitro) was also evaluated by various parameters. More than 85 % of the 3T3Llcells were found to be viable, even after 20 hours time exposure which implies minimum impact on cell viability and morphology. The study demonstrates dose dependent cytotoxic potential of SCuNPs, that is non cytotoxic in the nanogram dose and moderately cytotoxic in the microgram doses (Fig. 10). Comparison of SCuNPs with Cu ions and uncapped copper nanoparticles (UCuNPs) revealed that, ions are more cytotoxic than SCuNPs. This observation supports the theory of slow release of ions from starch coated nanoparticles. 

Water soluble starch capped nanoparticles proved to be efficient non-cytotoxic bactericidal agents at nanomolar concentrations. The investigation also suggested that starch capped CuNPs have great potential for use in biomedical applications such as cellular imaging or photothermal therapy. 

Dumortier, H. et al. (2006) Functionalized carbon nanotubes are non-cytotoxic and preserve the functionality of primary immune cells. Nano Letters, 6 (7), 1522-1528. 

The sensory neuropeptides, SP, calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) and somatostatin (SOM) rapidly release histamine from rat serosal mast cells by a non-cytotoxic mechanism [3, 62],... 

NT was initially reported to stimulate the non-cytotoxic release of histamine from isolated rat peritoneal mast cells by workers in our laboratory [40, 79]. This observation has now been confirmed and extended by several other workers [80-85]. When added to isolated rat serosal mast cells, NT initiates the secretion of histamine which is dependent upon calcium and energy [79]. Secretion begins at about 10 nanomolar NT and reaches an initial plateau of some 20% histamine release at 10 piM NT [79] (Figure 4.2) while higher levels... 

The ability of SP to stimulate histamine release from isolated rat peritoneal mast cells is now well demonstrated [31, 97-101], The release is rapid (< 1 min), non-cytotoxic, dependent on a supply of Ca and metabolic energy, and independent of cell-bound IgE [99]. Moreover, as with other peptides, its secretory effect on the mast cell is affected by moderate levels of extracellular cations. For example, the addition of Ca to the bathing medium after the addition of SP increased the secretory response of the cells, while adding calcium (0.1-1 mM), magnesium (1-10 mM) or cobalt (0.01-1 mM) to the cell suspension before SP inhibited histamine release, suggesting the possibility of cation competition for SP binding [99]. 

Selvan ST, Tan TT, Ying JY (2005) Robust, non-cytotoxic, silica-coated CdSe quantum dots with efficient photoluminescence. Adv Mater 17 1620-1625... 

Cooper EL. (2004) Commentary on Traditional and modem biomedical prospecting Part 11 — the benefits by Muller WEG Schroder HC, Wiens M, Perovic-Ottstadt S, Batel R, Muller IM. Anti-protozoa and antiviral activities of non-cytotoxic truncated and variant analogues of mussel defensin by Roch P, Beschin A, Bernard E. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 1 207-209. 

Again, the cytotoxic effects of the chemical agent will also show a classic sigmoid dose response, and so at lower doses such cell death or inflammation will not occur. If as likely the expected human dose or exposure level is at a non-cytotoxic level, then tumors are much less likely. 

Anion (b) contains three B-/S-SbW7 units linked to an Sb602 axis . The central cavity is optimum size for Na+. Both (a) and (b) have been found to exhibit antiviral and antitumoral properties at non-cytotoxic doses in vitro and in vivo, and are potent inhibitors of cellular, bacterial and viral DNA and RNA polymerases. Anion (b) has recently been used to treat patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.129... 

Hasegawa T, Fujisawa T, Haraguchi S et al (2005) Schizophyllan-folate conjugate as a new non-cytotoxic and cancer-targeted antisense carrier. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 15(2) 327—330... 

These results indicate that the silver composition is essentially non-cytotoxic. As expected, hydrogen peroxide, which is known to he cytotoxic, shows a cytotoxic effect. Thus, the silver should he harmless to cells when used in vivo. 

As long ago as 1980 the reversal of daunorubicin resistance by its non-cytotoxic derivative N-acetyldaunorubicin was reported [62]. Shortly thereafter it was reported that MDR could be reversed by coadministration of the calcium channel blocker verapamil [63]. 

Whistler, Roy L., Bushway, Alfred A., Singh, Prem P., Nakahara, Waro, and Tokuzen, Reiko, Non-cytotoxic, Antitumor Polysaccharides, 32, 235-275... 

As you can see in Table/Graph 2, both ANIT and Tween-80 induce HO activity. But the assay does not work perfect at this moment. The HO activity enhancement of only 22 % for ANIT is less then described in literature (Kaliman et al. (1989)). The cause seems to be the same as mentioned above for C0CI2. In this experiment, we could further show that Tween-80 without ANIT also increases the HO activity. The mechanism is not clear. In opposite to ANIT, Tween-80 must activate HO by a non-cytotoxic mechanism because of its application in food processing. 

Sasaki, C. and Passaniti, A. (1998). Identification of anti-invasive but non-cytotoxic chemoterapeutic agents using the tetrazolium dye MTT to quantitate viable cells in Matrigel. Biotechniques 24, 1038-1043. 

Dendrimers have been successfully used as a delivery system for antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs). ° "" Hughes et al. " reported the significant enhancement of the effectiveness of antisense ODNs in the presence of non-toxic concentrations of G5 PAMAM dendrimer. Bielinska et al. " reported the enhanced activity of antisense ODNs and antisense cDNA plasmids in the presence of PAMAM dendrimers in an in vitro cell culture system. Dendrimer was believed to enhance the transfer of ODN into cells. The electrostatic binding of the phosphodiester ODNs to dendrimers also extended their intracellular survival. Dendrimers at concentrations required to be effective ODN carriers were reported to be non-cytotoxic. 

Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Andersen M, Hanseu PB. Drug-specific characteristics of thrombocytopenia caused by non-cytotoxic drugs. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1998 54(9-10) 701-6. 

Compounds 33,35 and 37 were tested starting from the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations. 2nt= not tested... 

Certonardosides A-E (23-27), Fig. (9) are sulfated at C-3 of the xylopyranose unit attached to C-26 of the steroidal side chain, while certonardosides F-I (28a, 28b, 29a, 29b), Fig. (10) contain a sulfate group at C-6 (a) of the steroidal aglycone. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiviral activity against HIV, HSV, CoxB, EMCV and VSV viruses. Certonardosides A-J were inactive within the range of non cytotoxic concentrations. Only weak antiviral activity against HSV was observed in compounds 29a and 29b and the desulfated analog of 28b. 

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