Nocardia species

The iron-free ligand, deferrioxamine E, is identical with nocard-amine,a metabolite from a Nocardia species, which was earlier erroneously formulated as 16 and then 17. ... 

The following procedure is useful for staining Nocardia species as well as Cryptosporidium species. This procedure may be used on fresh or Formalinfixed material or on material from concentration procedures. If the specimen is liquid, centrifuge it, and use the sediment to prepare a smear. 

Chen, Y. and Rosazza, J.P.N., Microbial transformation of ibuprofen hy a. Nocardia species. AppL Environ. Microbiol., 1994, 60, 1292-1296. 

Nocardia species Sulfadiazine, TMP-SMZ1 Minocycline, imipenem, amikacin, linezolid... 

The antibiotic thiolactomycin 39 (Figure 9.9), a fermentation product from a Nocardia species containing an unusual thiolactone moiety, was discovered in 1981 [49,50]. It resembles a... 

Other organisms Pneumocystis carinii. Toxoplasma gondii, Nocardia species and Stenotrophorrmnas maltophilia... 

The antibiotic thiolactomycin (43), a fermentation product from a Nocardia species containing an unusual thiolactone moiety was patented as antibiotic no. 2-200 and subsequently reported in the literature in 1982 [73,74]. It resembles a sugar-derived a,/3-unsaturated 4-thioglycono-1,4-lactone and was found to be a broad-spectmm antibiotic [75] by interference with the fatty acid metabolism of bacteria and also inhibited inducible /3-lactamases [76]. A de novo synthesis of the racemate was reported by a Du Pont group in 1984 [77]. Chambers and Thomas [78] reported the synthesis of the (55j-enantiomer in 1989 and concluded from its optical rotation that the natural product is the (5i )-enantiomer. 

Yazawa, K., Mikami, Y, Sakamoto, T., Ueno, Y., Morisaki, N., Iwasaki, S., and Furihata, K. (1994). Inactivation of the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, midecamycin, and rokitamycin by pathogenic Nocardia species. Antimicrob. Agents Chemothen 38, 2197—2199. 

Resistance to sulfonamides is now common for N. meningitidiSy as well as in cases of bacillary dysentery. Antibiotics have generally replaced the sulfonamides for these purposes. Sulfonamides, particulady sulfisoxazole and sulfadiazine, are of value in treatment of infections due to Nocardia species, and sulfonamides are effective for trachoma. Inclusion conjunctivitis is also treated with sulfacetamide ointment. Oral administration of a sulfonamide, eg, sulfisoxazole, has been successful for treatment of lymphogranuloma venereum and chancroid Dapsone and sulfonamides have also been used for treatment of the skin disorder dermatitis herpetiformis. Sulfonamides have been used for long term prophylaxis of rheumatic fever, but are being replaced by penicillin for this purpose, except in cases of hypersensitivity to penicillin (19). 

In the management of patients with AIDS, the sulfonamides are often used in combination with inhibitors of folate reductase. However, such combinations have minimal activity against (A) Escherichia coli Nocardia species Pneumocystis carinii Toxoplasma gondii Treponema pallidum... 

However, for other actinomycetes, principally Mycobacteria and Nocardia species, crude extracts were found to utilize D-glucose 6-phosphate and either UDP-D-glucose or GDP-D-glucose for the formation of Q ,Q -trehalose 6-phosphate according to the following two reactions. ... 

Inactivation of rifampicin (19) by Nocardia brasiliensis and N. otitidiscaviarum [217,218] and by Bacillus sp. [219] was reported. Rifampicin (19) was glycosylated by a pathogenic species of Nocardia, i.e., Nocardia brasiliensis. The structures of the two glycosylated compounds isolated from the culture broth of the bacterium were determined to be 3-formyl-23-(0-[P-D-glucopyranosyl])rifamycin SV (129) and 23-(0-[P-D-glucopyranosyl])rifampicin (130), respectively. On the other hand, rifampicin was converted into 2l-(0-phosphoryl)rifampicin (131) and 3-formyl-2 l-(G-phosphoryl)-rifamycin SV (132) by Bacillus sp. All these four compounds lacked antimicrobial activity against other Gram-positive bacteria, as well as the Nocardia species [215,218]. 

CiiHgNj, Mr 168.20, mp. 198.5 "C (needles), blue fluorescence in dilute acidic solution. /3-C. is isolated from plants (Catharanthus roseus, Lolium perenne, Festuca species) and microorganisms (streptomycetes and Nocardia species). 

Cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous also hydrated oleie aeid to 10-HSA and 10-KSAat 55 and 12% yields, respeetively (13). Hydration of oleic acid to 10-HSA was also demonstrated in resting cell suspensions of seven Nocardia species xmder anaerobic conditions (14). Nocardia cholesterolicum NRRL 5769 gave a yield >90% with optimum conditions at pH 6.5 and 40°C. A minor amount of 10-KSA was detected. The reaction proceeds via hydration of the double bond as shown by labeling experiments with deuterium oxide and 0-labeled water. The system was specific for fatty acids with cis unsaturation at the 9 position. Anaerobiosis favors bioconversion to 10-HSA (15) and higher pH favors bioeonversion to 10-KSA (14). 

Hashimoto, M., T. Komori, and T. Kamiya Nocardicin A and B, Novel Mono-cyclic P-Lactam Antibiotics from a Nocardia species. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 98, 3023 (1976). 

They applied this methodology for the total synthesis of nocarcidins (see Scheme 7.20 first) [37], Nocardicin A (85), isolated in 1975 by Fujisawa as a fermentation product of Nocardia species, is the first example of a monocyclic p-lactam with potential useful antibacterial activity [38]. 

Ogawa J. Xie SX. Shimizu S. Stereoinversion of optically active 3-pentyn-2-ol by Nocardia species. Biotechnol. Lett. 1999 21 331-335. 

Nocardia species (strain C-15003) C]-3-Amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid... 

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