NO mediator

Unlike the assisted IT processes, no mediator species are involved in a simple IT reaction, e.g., transfer of a cation (M ) from organic phase into the aqueous filling solution inside the pipette ... 

It has been proposed that NO mediates the myocardial depression associated with sepsis (F6, L14). NO synthesis induced by endotoxin blunts beta-adrenergic responsiveness (B2). In vivo, the use of NO synthase inhibitors led to conflicting results (M26), with a general decreased cardiac output and oxygen delivery being observed. NO synthase inhibition improved left ventricular contractility in endo-toxemic pigs but also increased ventricular afterloads, which ultimately is detrimental to cardiac function (H20). Possible sources of NO in the heart may be the vascular cells, the endothelial cells, and the cardiac myocytes (P6). 

Ruggiero, C.E., Carrier, S.M. and Tolman W.B. (1994) Reductive disproportionation of NO mediated by copper complexes Modeling N20 generation by copper proteins and heterogeneous catalysts, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 33, 895. 

S. Kashiwagi, Y. Izumi, T. Gohongi, Z.N. Demou, L. Xu, P.L. Huang, D.G. Buerk, L.L. Munn, R K. Jain, and D. Fukumura, NO mediates mural cell recruitment and vessel morphogenesis in murine melanomas and tissue-engineered blood vessels. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 1816-1827 (2005). 

It has been already pointed out that nitric oxide exhibits antioxidant effect in LDL oxidation at the NO/ 02 ratio 1. Under these conditions the antioxidant effect of NO prevails on the prooxidant effect of peroxynitrite. Although some earlier studies suggested the possibility of NO-mediated LDL oxidation [152,153], these findings were not confirmed [154]. On the other hand, at lower values of N0/02 ratio the formed peroxynitrite becomes an efficient initiator of LDL modification. Beckman et al. [155] suggested that peroxynitrite rapidly reacts with tyrosine residues to form 3-nitrotyrosine. Later on, Leeuwenburgh et al. [156] found that 3-nitrotyrosine was formed in the reaction of peroxynitrite with LDL. The level of 3-nitrotyrosine sharply differed for healthy subjects and patients with cardiovascular diseases LDL isolated from the plasma of healthy subjects contained a very low level of 3-nitrotyrosine (9 + 7 pmol/mol 1 of tyrosine), while LDL isolated from aortic atherosclerotic intima had a 90-fold higher level (840 + 140 pmol/moD1 of tyrosine). It has been proposed that peroxynitrite formed in the human artery wall is able to promote LDL oxidation in vivo. 

FIGURE 26.10 Superoxide- and NO-mediated stimulation of prostaglandin production. 

The life cycle of many viruses, including retroviruses, depends on viral proteases that cleave viral glycoproteins into individual polypeptides, and these enzymes are necessary for viral replication. NO can inactivate coxsackievirus [136]. Since cysteine proteases are critical for the virulence and replication of many viruses, nitrosation of viral cysteine proteases may be a mechanism of antiviral host defense. NO mediates nitrosation of cysteine and aspartyl proteases of HIV-1, and it was suggested that this... 

Herold, S., Exner, M., Nauser,T., Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the NO -mediated oxidation of oxymyoglobin and oxyhemoglobin, Biochemistry 40 (2001), p. 3385-3395... 

All three isoforms can diverge from their functional regulatory roles and during disease states contribute to NO mediated pathologies of the CNS. Excessive accu-... 

Mb, and NO mediation of iron uptake from transferrin have been discussed. In this last... 

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