Nitroglycerine rocket propellants

Just like sulfuric and phosphoric acids, a majority of the nitric acid produced worldwide is used to make fertilizers. Nitric acid, however, is also used to make flares, rocket propellants, and explosives such as nitroglycerin. 

Uses. Manufacture of dynamite, gun powder and rocket propellants, and as a therapeutic agent primarily to alleviate angina pectoris. Note Workers engaged in the production or use of dynamite are potentially exposed to mixed vapors of nitroglycerin (NG) and ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN). 

Nitroglycerine is a very powerful secondary explosive with a high brisance, i.e. shattering effect, and it is one of the most important and frequently-used components for gelatinous commercial explosives. Nitroglycerine also provides a source of high energy in propellant compositions, and in combination with nitrocellulose and stabilizers it is the principal component of explosive powders and solid rocket propellants. 

Double-base rocket propellant Nitrocellulose (13.25% N content) Nitroglycerine Plasticizer Other additives 2000 2500... 

Propellants include both rocket and gun propellants. Most rocket propellants are either Hazard Class 1.3 composites, which are based on a rubber binder, and ammonium perchlorate (AP) oxidizer, and a powdered aluminum (Al) fuel or Hazard Class 1.1 composites, which are based on a nitrate ester, usually nitroglycerine (NG), nitrocellulose (NC), HMX, AP, or polymer-bound NC. If a binder is used, it usually is an isocyanate-cured polyester or polyether. Some propellants contain combustion modifiers, such as lead oxide. 

Uses Nitroglycerin (or glyceryltrinitrate) is a pale yellow, oily liquid also available in the form of rhombic crystals. It is highly explosive. It is used in combination with ethylene glycol dinitrite in the manufacture of dynamites, explosives, rocket propellants, smokeless powders, and guncotton. 

High explosives may be class d according to their physical properties as powdery, meltable, semi-meltable and plastic. Propellants may be grouped on the basis of chemical composition into gun powder and similar mixtures, nitrocellulose (single base) and nitroglycerine (double base) powders, With respect to their uses and some properties they are divided into black powder, smokeless and flashless powders, and rocket propellants. 

Diglycol dinitrate was used extensively in the Second World War by the German side as one of the main components of -> Double Base Propellants. The explosion heat of diglycol in powder form can be kept lower than the heats of the corresponding nitroglycerine powders they represented the first step towards the so-called cold powders. Diglycol dinitrate and triglycol dinitrate are also employed as rocket propellants. 

This term denotes propellants containing two main components nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine or other liquid nitrate esters. Double base powders are important solid rocket propellants. 

Nitroglycerine, which is still of primary importance in commercial explosives, smokeless powders and rocket propellants ... 

DANP is a colorless, or yellow, oily liquid. It can be distilled under reduced pressure (vacuum distillation). It is an excellent high-energy plasticizer for use in making flexible sheet explosives when mixed with RDX, TNT, or HMX. It can also be used in place of nitroglycerine for dynamites, rocket propellants, gun propellants, and explosive compositions. ... 

DIANP is a colorless liquid, which is soluble in acetone, methanol, dimethylformamide, DMSO, ethyl acetate, and benzene. It is not very soluble in water, ethanol, or butanol. DIANP is used in gun propellants and rocket propellants to reduce flame temperatures, toxic combustion products, smoke, and to increase performance without sacrificing bum rate. DIANP is an excellent substitute for nitroglycerine for gun propellants and rocket propellants. ... 

DMMD forms white crystals with a melting point of 56 Celsius. Its potential uses include high-energy plasticizer for plastic explosives and nitroglycerin free dynamites, flexible sheet explosives with RDX, HMX, or DPT, and rocket propellant formulations. 

EDT forms white crystals with a melting point of 170 Celsius (with decomposition beginning). EDT has similar properties as other nitrate esters, and can be used as such in nitroglycerine free dynamites, high performance gun propellants, rocket propellants, and explosives compositions. ... 

DNAN forms colorless crystals with a melting point of 120 Celsius. It is fairly soluble in hot water, hot ethanol, methanol, and acetone. It is less soluble in cold water, cold ethanol, and insoluble in chloroform, benzene, ether, and petroleum ether. DNAN is somewhat hygroscopic, and moisture slowly decomposes it—should be stored in a desiccator. A small sample bums leaving a residue of carbon when ignited—a small sample can be detonated by the blow of a hammer. DNAN can be used in explosive compositions when alloyed with TNT, or other low melting secondary explosives, gun propellants with nitrocellulose, nitro starch, or nitroglycerine, and rocket propellants when mixed with ammonium perchlorate. DNAN also demonstrates usefulness for priming mixtures with lead azide, lead styphnate, or diazodinitrophenol, and for use in fireworks. ... 

A double-base rocket propellant is composed of nitroglycerine (13.25 percent N content), plasticizer, and other additives. The specific impulse is estimated as 2000 N.S.Kg and the flame temperature at 2500 K [4],... 

Nitroglycerine is one of the most important and most frequently used components of explosive materials together with nitroglycol, it is the major component of gelatinous industrial explosives. In combination with nitrocellulose and stabilizers, it is the principal component of powders, gun propellants and smokeless solid rocket propellants (- double base propellants). 

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