Nitrogen dioxide effects

Dowell, A.R., K.H.Kilburn, and P.C.Pratt. 1971. Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide Effects on pulmonary ultrastructure, compliance, and the surfactant system. Arch. Intern. Med. 128 (1) 74—80. 

Hine, C.H., F.H.Meyers, and R.W.Wright. 1970. Pulmonary changes in animals exposed to nitrogen dioxide, effects of acute exposures. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 16(1) 201-213. 

Nitrogen dioxide effectively reacts with various low- and high- molecular compoimds [1, 2]. Its reactions have a wide application in synthetic chemistry and can be used for chemical... 

It is emphasized that the foregoing discussion applies to skyward, (i.e., well-rinsed) surfaces, and not to those which are primarily the sites of evaporation of liquid from adjacent areas nor to those more completely sheltered from incoming liquid water. At surface areas where substantial amounts of reaction products are retained in the stone surface, mechanical mechanisms of damage are thought to apply (3 ). Effects on sheltered, partially sheltered, and vertical surface areas are subjects of planned future work. Studies of the possible synergism of nitrogen dioxide effects with those of sulfur dioxide dry deposition also are being planned. 

In laboratory tests at 35°C and 25°C, with 90% RH, NO2 does not promote the corrosion of zinc. However, an accelerant effect was observed when SO2 and NO2 are combined, resulting in the formation of a greater proportion of zinc hydroxy sulfate. This effect was greater at 25°C than at 25°C, probably because higher temperatures make difficult the formation of a moisture layer and less electrolyte is deposited on the zinc surface. The nitrogen dioxide effect is indirect given that nitrogen compounds have not been detected... 

The only method utilized commercially is vapor-phase nitration of propane, although methane (70), ethane, and butane also can be nitrated quite readily. The data in Table 5 show the typical distribution of nitroparaffins obtained from the nitration of propane with nitric acid at different temperatures (71). Nitrogen dioxide can be used for nitration, but its low boiling point (21°C) limits its effectiveness, except at increased pressure. Nitrogen pentoxide is a powerful nitrating agent for alkanes however, it is expensive and often gives polynitrated products. 

For any pollutant, air quality criteria may refer to different types of effects. For example. Tables 22-1 through 22-6 list effects on humans, animals, vegetation, materials, and the atmosphere caused by various exposures to sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead. These data are from fhe Air Quality Criteria for these pollutants published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

Concentration of nitrogen dioxide in air (ppm) Exposure time Human symptoms and effects on vegetation, materials, and visibility... 

Investigation into the effect has been mainly devoted to reactions with red fuming nitric acid . It seems that in red fuming nitric acid a preliminary reaction results in the formation of a surface deposit of finely divided metallic titanium ignition or pyrophoricity can then be initiated by any slight impact or friction. The tendency to pyrophoricity increases as the nitrogen dioxide content of the nitric acid rises from zero to maximum solubility at about 20%, but decreases as the water content rises, the effect being nearly completely stifled at about 2% water. 

Nitric oxide, NO, releases 13.5 kcal/mole when it reacts with oxygen to give nitrogen dioxide. Write the equation for this reaction and predict the effect of (i) raising the temperature, and of (ii) increasing the concentration of NO (at a fixed temperature) on ... 

FIGURE 7.16 Health effects of indoor air pollution. Gaseous and partieulate eontaminants frequently found in indoor air pollution affect different parts of the respiratory system. Some, sueh as earbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, move from the lungs into the bloodstream. 

Matsumara, Y. (1970). The effects of ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide on the experimentally induced allergic... 

Mohsenin, V. (1987). Effect of vitamin C on nitrogen dioxide induced hyperresponsiveness in normal subjects. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 136, 1408-1411. 

Kolesar ES, Wiseman JM. 1989. Interdigitated gate electrode field effect transistor for the selective detection of nitrogen dioxide and diisopropyl methylphosphonate. Anal Chem 61(21) 2355. 

N02 plays a major role in the chemical reactions which generate photochemical smog and ground-level ozone, as well as contributes to the acid rain effect. Nitrogen dioxide is a strong oxidizing agent, which reacts in the air to form corrosive nitric acid, as well as... 

Kikugawa, K., Hiramoto, K., Tomiyama, S., and Asano, Y. 1997. P-Carotene effectively scavenges toxic nitrogen oxides Nitrogen dioxide and peroxynitrous acid. FEBS Lett. 404 175-178. 

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