Nitrogen content products

Liquid products from coking are very unstable (high diene contents), very olefinic, and highly contaminated by sulfur and nitrogen. The production of gas is considerable. 

Cotton linters or wood pulp are nitrated using mixed acid followed by treatment with hot acidified water, pulping, neutralization, and washing. The finished product is blended for uniformity to a required nitrogen content. The controlling factors in the nitration process are the rates of diffusion of the acid into the fibers and of water out of the fibers, the composition of mixed acid, and the temperature (see Cellulose esters, inorganic esters). 

The reason for the popularity of anhydrous ammonia is its economy. No further processing is needed and it has a very high (82.2%) nitrogen content. Additionally if held under pressure or refrigerated, ammonia is a Hquid. Being a Hquid, pipeline transport is practical and economical. A network of overland pipelines (Fig. 4) is in operation in the United States to move anhydrous ammonia economically from points of production near natural gas sources to points of utilization in farming areas (see Pipelines). 

The tabulation of plant nutrient costs, by product, ia Table 16 shows the principal reasoa for the popularity of anhydrous ammonia as a fertilizer ia the United States. The fob price per ton of nitrogen in the form of ammonia is less than half that for any other nitrogen product. Also, ammonia s relatively high nitrogen content of 82.2% favors low transportation costs, in spite of the need for specialized handling equipment and procedures. 

Dmm-dried products, mostly nonfat, make up only 5—10% of dried milk products. Because of the high temperature and longer contact time, considerable proteia denaturation occurs. Dmm-dried products ate identified as high heat dry milk and as such have a lower solubHity iadex, lower proteia nitrogen content, and a darker color. 

Crude oil is recovered from the reservoir mixed with a variety of substances gases, water, and dirt (minerals) (4). Thus, refining actually commences with the production of fluids from the weU or reservoir and is followed by pretreatment operations that are appHed to the cmde oil either at the refinery or prior to transportation. Pipeline operators, for iastance, are iasistent upon the quahty of the fluids put iato the pipelines therefore, any cmde oil to be shipped by pipeline or, for that matter, by any other form of transportation must meet rigid specifications ia regard to water and salt content. In some iastances, sulfur content, nitrogen content, and viscosity may also be specified. 

Economic Aspects and Uses. Almost all ammonium sulfate is used as a fertilizer for this purpose it is valued both for its nitrogen content and for its readily available sulfur content. In 1986/1987 United States consumption of ammonium sulfate was 0.57 million metric tons (34) world consumption during the same period was estimated at 13.3 million metric tons. In North America ammonium sulfate is largely recovered from caprolactam production. 

Because the basic-oxygen process uses a refining agent containing practically no nitrogen, the product has a low nitrogen content. Oxygen residues depend on the carbon content. 

Active Dry Yeast (ADY). The production of active dry yeast is very similar to the production of compressed yeast. However, a different strain of yeast is used and the nitrogen content is reduced to 7% of soHds compared with 8—9% for compressed yeast. The press cake made with the active dry yeast strain is extmded through a perforated plate in the form of thin strands with a diameter of 2—3 mm and a length of 3—10 mm. The strands are dried on endless belts of steel mesh in drying chambers (a continuous process) or in roto-louvre dryers (a batch process), with the temperature kept below 40°C. Drying time in drying chambers is 3—4 h and in roto-louvre dryers is 6 h or more. The final moisture level attained is 7.5—8%. 

Therefore, the amount of water present determines the concentration of N02 and hence the extent of nitration. The degree of cellulose nitration is designated by the nitrogen content. The maximum commercial DS is 2.9, which corresponds to 13.8% N. Products over 14% N have been obtained by special processes (51—54). 

The nitrogen content of granular urea—formaldehyde reaction products typicahy ranges from 35 to 42% depending on the methylene urea polymer distribution. 

Because the heavy ethyleneamines are very complex materials, assays by titration in aqueous and nonaqueous media are often performed (151). The result is usually expressed as an amine number or amine value, a measure of the total basic nitrogen content of the product. Titrimetric procedures are also available to define primary, secondary, and tertiary amine content (152). 

To obtain the free base, 34 g (0.256 mol) of N-ethyl-3-piperidinol and 20 g (0.22 mol) of diphenylacetyl chloride were mixed in 80 cc of isopropanol and the solution was refluxed for 2 hours. The isopropanol was evaporated in vacuo at 30 mm pressure, the residue was dissolved in 150 cc of water and the aqueous solution was extracted several times with ether. The aqueous solution was then neutralized with potassium carbonate and extracted with ether. The ethereal solution was dried over anhydrous potassium carbonate and the ether removed by distillation. The product was then distilled at its boiling point 180° to 181°C at 0.13 mm of mercury whereby 14 g of a clear yellow, viscous liquid was obtained. The nitrogen content for CjiHjjNOj was calculated as 4.33% and the nitrogen content found was 4.21%. 

Commercial NC is not a single chemical entity. Indeed, as shown in Vol 2, C103-L, there are a variety of grades of NC, usually characterized by their nitrogen content. The chemical species that constitute these grades are partially nitrated products and mixts of the following compounds ... 

A concise way of expressing the effect of MA compn on the nitrogen content of the product NC is the so-called Sapozhnikov diagram. Such a diagram, according to Miles Milborn 16) is shown in Fig 13... 

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