Nitrated fatty acids

Poirier, M.-A. D.E. Steere J.A. Krogh. Cetane Improver Compositions Comprising Nitrated Fatty Acid Derivatives. U.S. Patent 5,454,842, October 3, 1995. 

Batthyany, C., F. J. Schopfer, P. R. Baker et al. 2006. Reversible post-translational modification of proteins by nitrated fatty acids in vivo, 281 (29) 20450-63. 

Trostchansky, A. Rubbo, H., Nitrated fatty acids Mechanisms of formation, chemical characterization, and biological properties. Free a cBiolM 2008,44(11), 1887—96. 

Cui, T. Schopfer, F. J. Zhang, J. Chen, K. Ichikawa, T. Baker, P. R. Batthyany, C. et al. Nitrated fatty acids Endogenons anti-inflammatory signaling mediators. J Biol Chem 2006, 281(47), 35686-98. 

Short chain aldehydes Cyclopentenone prostaglandins Electrophilic oxo-derivates Oxidized phospholipids Nitrated fatty-acids... 

Caustic soda by reaction of sodium amalgam and water Nitration of organic compounds with aqueous nitric acid Formation of soaps by action of aqueous alkahes on fats or fatty acids Sulfur removal from petroleum fractious by aqueous ethauolamiues Treating of petroleum products with sulfuric acid... 

Oils, Nitrated. See under Fats, Fatty Oils, Tallows, Butters, Waxes and Fatty Acids in Vol 8, F8-L to F9-L... 

Rezanka, T. (1996). Two-dimensional separation of fatty acids by thin-layer chromatography on urea and silver nitrate silica gel plates. J. Chromatogr. A 727(1), 147-152. 

Xue et al. [30] prepared a vaginal suppository formulation containing miconazole nitrate and determined its content by P-matrix ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The production of the suppository was finished with melting by the excipient of glyceryl esters fatty acid of artificial synthesis. Quantitative assay was conducted with a P-matrix ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The suppository was smooth and met the clinical requirement of vaginal disease treatment. The method of assay was accurate. 

It should be noted that Reaction (4) is not a one-stage process.) Both free radical N02 and highly reactive peroxynitrite are the initiators of lipid peroxidation although the elementary stages of initiation by these compounds are not fully understood. (Crow et al. [45] suggested that trans-ONOO is protonated into trans peroxynitrous acid, which is isomerized into the unstable cis form. The latter is easily decomposed to form hydroxyl radical.) Another possible mechanism of prooxidant activity of nitric oxide is the modification of unsaturated fatty acids and lipids through the formation of active nitrated lipid derivatives. 

As mentioned earlier, when NO concentration exceeds that of superoxide, nitric oxide mostly exhibits an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, reacting with lipid peroxyl radicals. These reactions are now well studied [42-44]. The simplest suggestion could be the participation of NO in termination reaction with peroxyl radicals. However, it was found that NO reacts with at least two radicals during inhibition of lipid peroxidation [50]. On these grounds it was proposed that LOONO, a product of the NO recombination with peroxyl radical LOO is rapidly decomposed to LO and N02 and the second NO reacts with LO to form nitroso ester of fatty acid (Reaction (7), Figure 25.1). Alkoxyl radical LO may be transformed into a nitro epoxy compound after rearrangement (Reaction (8)). In addition, LOONO may be hydrolyzed to form fatty acid hydroperoxide (Reaction (6)). Various nitrated lipids can also be formed in the reactions of peroxynitrite and other NO metabolites. 

Non-drying oil resins are soluble only in Aromatic hydrocarbons. They are used with amino resins for stoving finishes for appliances. Medium resins are used as plasticisers for cellulose nitrate. Along with natural oils several natural occurring and synthetic acid like resin (abiotic acid) pelargonic acid and isooctanoic acid are added to modify alkye resins. The alkyd resins are obtained by two processes, i.e., (1) Fatty Acid Process and (2) Alcoholysis process. 

Silver nitrate may be incorporated in the adsorbent slurry (25 g l-1) giving a final concentration of about 5% in the dry plate. The silver ions bind reversibly with the double bonds in the unsaturated compounds, resulting in selective retardation, and the lipids are separated according to the number and configuration (cis or trans) of their double bonds. This technique is extremely useful in fatty acids, mono-, di- and particularly triacylglycerol analyses when even positional isomers may be resolved. Borate ions may also be incorporated in the silica gel and these plates are used to separate compounds with adjacent free hydroxyl groups. 

Figure 12.16 Silver nitrate TLC of acylglycerols. S, O and L denote the fatty acids in each compound.

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