Nickel, powder chloride

Nickel [7440-02-0] Ni, recognized as an element as early as 1754 (1), was not isolated until 1820 (2). It was mined from arsenic sulfide mineral deposits (3) and first used in an alloy called German Silver (4). Soon after, nickel was used as an anode in solutions of nickel sulfate [7786-81 A] NiSO, and nickel chloride [7718-54-9] NiCl, to electroplate jewelry. Nickel carbonyl [13463-39-3] Ni(C02)4, was discovered in 1890 (see Carbonyls). This material, distilled as a hquid, decomposes into carbon monoxide and pure nickel powder, a method used in nickel refining (5) (see Nickel and nickel alloys). 

Nickel chloride hexahydrate [7791-20-0] is formed by the reaction of nickel powder or nickel oxide with a hot mixture of water and HCl. Nickel duoride [13940-83-5], 4H2O, is prepared by the reaction of hydroduoric acid on nickel carbonate. Nickel bromide [18721 -96-5], NiBr2 6H20, is made... 

When nickel hydroxide is oxidized at the nickel electrode in alkaline storage batteries the black trivalent gelatinous nickel hydroxide oxide [12026-04-9], Ni(0H)0, is formed. In nickel battery technology, nickel hydroxide oxide is known as the nickel active mass (see Batteries, secondary cells). Nickel hydroxide nitrate [56171-41-6], Ni(0H)N02, and nickel chloride hydroxide [25965-88-2], NiCl(OH), are frequently mentioned as intermediates for the production of nickel powder in aqueous solution. The binding energies for these compounds have been studied (55). 

The reactions work both ways, and constituents of the alloy being coated may be removed by the halide atmosphere even when interchange does not occur. For example, a nickel-chromium alloy may be superficially dechro-mised by nickel powder in a chloride atmosphere. Thus loss of important alloying constituents may have to be controlled during diffusion coating processes. 

The thermal decomposition of nickel ammonium chloride powder, [Ni(NH3)4]Cl2 = [Ni(NH3)2]Cl2 + 2NH3... 

The use of additional substances to increase the activity of a catalyst is a well known phenomenon. Hydrogen chloride or traces of water are known to promote aluminum chloride catalyzed reactions. In the same way the reaction of isoparaffins with olefins has been shown to be catalyzed by boron trifluoride in the presence of nickel powder and with water as the promoter (Ipatieff and Grosse, 76). Hydrogen fluoride can take the place of the water and thus serve as the promoter. 

Anhydrous nickel carbonate is produced as a precipitate when calcium carbonate is heated with a solution of nickel chloride in a sealed tube at 150°C. Alternatively, treating nickel powder with ammonia and carbon dioxide followed by boding off ammonia yields pure carbonate. 

The main cell reaction involves chlorination of high surface area nickel powder with sodium chloride to form the nickel chloride positive electrode and sodium ... 

Naphthalene, nickel powders, nickel ores, niobium oxide Ores, organic chlorides, organic silicates, oil shale, oyster shells... 

The thermal decomposition of nickel ammonium chloride powder,... 

Catalysts (coni.) copper, for reaction of methyl chloride with silicon, 3 56 iron, for preparation of sodium amide, 2 133 nickel powder, 5 197 silica gel for, or for supports,... 

Medium (e.g. 20-50 X 103 lb/in.2) 4-8 Synthetic resins, plastics, PVC, ammonium chloride, DMT (dimethylterephthalate), inorganic salts, animal feed stuffs Ferrous alloys (in powder form), fluorspar, nickel powder, molybdenum powder Iron, potash salts, glass-maker s sand blends... 

The reaction mass is centrifuged % and the supernatant liquid decanted from the solids. The solid reaction mass— sodium chloride, sodium isopropoxide, and nickel powder—... 

The only other known work along these lines was reported by Scott and Walker (10). The reaction described therein involves the reduction of metal halides with the highly colored addition compounds (9) which are formed when sodium metal is added to polynuclear hydrocarbons in certain active ether media such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane and dimethyl ether. For example, sodium reacts with a solution of naphthalene in 1,2-dimethoxyethane to produce a dark green solution which contains the sodium addition compound of naphthalene, having the empirical formula CioHsNao. If nickel chloride is added to the colored solution, the metal is reduced to the elemental state as a finely divided nickel powder with an average particle size of less than 20 microns. Similarly, iron, cobalt, and other metal powders can be produced by this method. 

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