Nickel membrane catalysts

V.S. Smirnov, VM. Gryaznov, M.M. Ermilova, and N.V. Orekhova, The study of coupling of dehydrogenation of isoamylenes with reactions of hydrogen consumption on palladium-nickel membrane catalyst, Dokl Akad. Nauk SSSR 224 39 (1975). 

H. Augilar, V.M. Gryaznov, L.F. Pavlova, and V.D. Yagodovsky, Conversion of cyclohexene on goldplated palladium-nickel membrane catalyst. React. Kinet. Catai Lett. 7 181 (1977). 

Guryanova, O. S., Y. M. Serov, S. G. Gul yanova and V. M. Gryaznov. 1988. Conversion of carbon monoxide on membrane catalysts of palladium alloys Reaction between CO and H2 on binary palladium alloys with ruthenium and nickel. Kinet. and Catal. 29(4) 728-731. 

Maid et al. [40] developed a nickel dispersed carbon membrane catalyst about 100 pm thick. Between the membrane plates, the gas flow occurred in gaps of various thickness between 200 and 1 500 pm. The plates were mounted into a stack-like testing device for methanol decomposition to carbon monoxide and hydrogen. 

N.N. Mikhalenko, E.N. Khrapova, and V.M. Gryaznov. Dehydrogenation of isopropanol on the membrane catalysts of binary alloys of palladium with ruthenium and nickel, Neftekhimia 76 189 (1978). 

A.N. Karavanov and V.M. Gryaznov, The liquid-phase hydrogenation of acetylenic and ethylenic alcohols on the membrane catalysts from the palladium-nickel and palladium-nithenium binary alloys, Kinetika i Kataliz 25 69 (1984). 

V.M. Gryaznov, S.G. GuPyanova, Yu. M. Serov, and VD. Yagodovski, Some features of carbon dioxide hydrogenation over palladium-ruthenium membrane catalyst with nickel coating. Zhurn. Fiz. Khim. 55 815 (1981). 

In addition to hydrogenation catalysis, supported IL membranes were also studied for their use as oligomerization catalysts. Such membranes were prepared by loading porous polyethersulfone support membranes with chloroaluminate-based ILs with and without a nickel dimerization catalyst [22]. Although both catalyst types converted ethylene with high activity, the nickel-containing membrane exhibited the higher selectivity for butene production. 

Then Hwang et al. [21] prepared plat type Pd membrane reactor using the magnetron sputtering method over a nickel metal support. They conducted WGS reaction using nickel catalyst. The nickel metal catalyst with a disc shape was placed on a membrane without a metal cage or mesh to hold the catalyst in the reactor. However the membrane did not work very well. 

The produced hydrogen from SR is separated through a dense proton-conducting membrane to react with oxygen contained in an air stream. The exothermic reaction between H2 and O2 is used as heat source for ATR of methane. A 10% Ni supported on Y-AI2O3 catalyst is placed on top of the perovskitic membrane. Without the presence of catalysts, methane conversion is quite poor at 850 °C, less than 20%. As nickel supported catalysts is introduced into the system, the methane conversion increases to 88% (thermodynamic equilibrium conversion is around 96%). This phenomenon is related to the low contact time between gas and catalysts, because the gas flow rate used is high. 

In particular, the attempt at developing a nickel-ceramic membrane was tried in combination with nickel-based catalysts used in the form of fixed beds (Haag et al., 2007). The membrane can be formed by electroless plating on a ceramic support, like a Pall Exekia Membralox support (Haag et al., 2007). In particular, with this base, it was possible to obtain a homogeneous membrane (Figure 4.15) with an estimated thickness of 1 — 1.5 pm. 

For dry reforming, carbon formation is very likely, especially when carried out in a membrane reactor [24]. For this application noble metals are used, which are intrinsically less prone to carbon formation because, unlike nickel, they do not dissolve carbon. Irusta et al. [24] have shown above-equilibrium methane conversion in a reactor equipped with a self-supported Pd-Ag tube. Small amounts of coke were formed on their Rh/La203/Si02 catalyst, but this is reported not to have any effect on activity. 

The anions derived from 277-thiopyran 1,1-dioxides behave as ligands for various transition metal single site catalysts 591 that are employed for the polymerization of olefins <2002USP2002156211>. A nickel(ll) ion selective PVC-membrane electrode based on the 2,6-diphenyl-277-thiopyran 592 has been described. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response over a wide concentration range of Niz+ with a lower detection limit of 9 X 10-6M and a response time of ca. 10 s <2000ELA1138>. 

Based on these preliminary results, a small library of NCN-pincer nickel-containing metallodendrimers was prepared by Van Koten et al. in order to investigate the factors that can affect the catalyst performance and their applicability in nanofiltration membrane reactors [35,36]. The strategy in this... 

Tubular composite (X-AI2O3 -based supports for Pd-containing metal membrane have been developed. Their distinction consists in using metal nickel for the modification of the porous structure of ceramic supports. Nickel is analog of palladium in many respects it is also effective catalyst for molecular hydrogen... 

Alkaline fuel cells (AFC) — The first practical -+fuel cell (FC) was introduced by -> Bacon [i]. This was an alkaline fuel cell using a nickel anode, a nickel oxide cathode, and an alkaline aqueous electrolyte solution. The alkaline fuel cell (AFC) is classified among the low-temperature FCs. As such, it is advantageous over the protonic fuel cells, namely the -> polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells (PEM) and the - phosphoric acid fuel cells, which require a large amount of platinum, making them too expensive. The fast oxygen reduction kinetics and the non-platinum cathode catalyst make the alkaline cell attractive. 

The MCFC membrane electrode assembly (MEA) comprises three layers a porous lithiated NiO cathode structure and a porous Ni/NiCr alloy anode structure, sandwiching an electrolyte matrix (see detail below). To a first approximation, the porous, p-type semiconductor, nickel oxide cathode structure is compatible with the air oxidant, and a good enough electrical conductor. The nickel anode structure, coated with a granular proprietary reform reaction catalyst, is compatible with natural gas fuel and reforming steam, and is an excellent electrical conductor. As usual, the oxygen is the actual cathode and the fuel the anode. Hence the phrase porous electrode structure . 

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