Nickel carbon containing

The first iron—nickel martensitic alloys contained ca 0.01% carbon, 20 or 25% nickel, and 1.5—2.5% aluminum and titanium. Later an 18% nickel steel containing cobalt, molybdenum, and titanium was developed, and still more recentiy a senes of 12% nickel steels containing chromium and molybdenum came on the market. 

In the nickel—carbon and cobalt—carbon systems, the nickel carbide (3 1) [12012-02-1], Ni C, and cobalt carbide (3 1) [12011-59-5] C03C, are isomorphous with Fe C and exist only at low temperatures. The manganese—carbon system contains manganese carbide (3 1) [12121 -90-3] Mn C, isomorphous with Fe C, and manganese carbide (23 6) [12266-65-8] isomorphous with chromium carbide (23 6) [12105-81 -6] These... 

Austenitic stainless steels are the most corrosion-resistant of the three groups. These steels contain 16 to 26 percent chromium and 6 to 22 percent nickel. Carbon is kept low (0.08 percent maximum) to minimize carbide precipitation. These alloys can be work-hardened, but heat treatment will not cause hardening. Tensile strength in the annealed condition is about 585 MPa (85,000 Ibf/in"), but workhardening can increase this to 2,000 MPa (300,000 Ibf/in"). Austenitic stainless steels are tough and ducdile. 

Fig. 26. Differential heats of interaction of carbon monoxide at 30°C with a sample of gallium-doped nickel oxide, containing a limited amount (0.4 cm3 02 gm l) of preadsorbed oxygen.

Fig. 29. Differential heats of interaction of carbon monoxide, at 200°C, with samples of nickel oxide containing excess oxygen, preadsorbed rapidly (A) or slowly (B).

Diets containing nickel carbonate, nickel chloride, or nickel sulfate cause reduced growth, disruptions of food intake and thyroid function, and emphysema and pneumonia in calves, dogs, mice, or rats. 

Sequence II O2—CO. Oxygen is first adsorbed on NiO(250) at 30°C. The sample is then evacuated at 30°C. (amount of irreversibly adsorbed oxygen, 1.9 cc. per gram), and carbon monoxide is adsorbed at the same temperature (Figure 3). The electrical conductivity of nickel oxide containing preadsorbed oxygen 1.8 X 10 5 (ohm cm.)"1 decreases during the adsorption of CO, and at the end of the adsorption, is identical to the conductivity of the pure oxide. Moreover, carbon dioxide is condensed in the cold trap. This shows that all ionized species are transformed into neutral species at the end of the interaction. 

Figure 3. Adsorption of carbon monoxide on nickel oxide containing preadsorbed oxygen...

Thus, again the limiting step of both Interactions 2 and 4 cannot be the adsorption of carbon monoxide (Equation 3) since the rates of adsorption of CO, without interaction with preadsorbed species, on nickel oxides containing nearly the same quantity of 0"(ads) ions or C03"(ads) ions should be the same for the same coverage of the surface and the rate of production of heat would be the same. 

Deren et al. (271) have reported compensation behavior in the oxidation of carbon monoxide on nickel oxide containing various amounts of chromium oxide the effect is attributed to the modification of the Fermi level at... 

CVD is an established method for the synthesis of CNTs [59, 60]. Supported transition metals that catalyze the growth of CNTs, such as iron, nickel, or cobalt, are situated in a tubular reactor, and CNTs are grown at elevated temperature on the surface of the catalyst particles by decomposition of a carbon-containing precursor. The catalyst particles have to be removed by chemical treatment /washing in order to obtain a metal-free final product. 

Fig. 14 A nickel succinate containing a channelled 3D nickel-oxygen network decorated by organic groups.38 Gray spheres denote carbon, red oxygen, and white hydrogen, with NiO<, octahedra in green. Reproduced with pennission. Copyright 2002, Wiley-VCH.

The nickel-carbon system appears to be similar to that of iron and carbon, and an alloy containing 1 per cent, of carbon is so brittle that it can be broken by a hammer. Alloys containing larger quantities of carbon, on the other hand, are tough.2... 

In recent years, we have seen an explosive interest in nanomaterials, in particular in nanofibers, nanofilaments, and nanotubes of the very different chemical composition. The interest arises from the specific mechanical and physicochemical properties of these nano objects, which allow them to be used, for example, as specific adsorbents, catalyst supports, reinforcing components of composite materials, and so on. The most cited generic types of nanomaterials are carbon nanofilaments and nanotubes. Numerous methods for preparing these carbon materials are known. However, the simplest method seems to be thermal pyrolysis of various carbon contain ing precursors (e.g., carbon monoxide, saturated and unsaturated hydro carbons, etc.) in the presence of special catalysts that are typically nanosized particles of nickel, cobalt, iron metals, or their alloys with different metals. 

E. Van Looij and J.W. Geus, The Reactivity of Carbon-Containing Species on Nickel, Effects of Crystallite Size and Related Phenomena, Catalysis Letters, Vol.45, 1997, pp.209-213. 

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