Neuropsychological deficits

Leonhardt G, Wilhelm H, Doerfler A, Ehrenfeld CE, Schoch B, Rauhut F, Hufnagel A, Diener HC. Clinical outcome and neuropsychological deficits after right decompressive hemicraniectomy in mca infarction. J Neurol 2002 249 1433-1440. 

In leukemia, the intensified use of methotrexate and glucocorticoids is responsible for causing an increased frequency of neurotoxicity and, in older children and adults, avascular necrosis of bone. High cumulative doses of anthracyclines can cause cardiomyopathy. Cranial irradiation causes neuropsychologic deficits and endocrine abnormalities that lead to obesity, short stature, precocious puberty, and osteoporosis.3 As newer and more intensive treatments enter clinical trials, close observation for long-term side effects will assume even greater importance.24... 

NS (general population) Neurological Neurobehavioral function in children slightly decreased performance on IQ tests and other measures of neuropsychological deficits 40-200 de la Burde and Choate 1972,1975 Emhart et al. 1981 Kotok 1972 Kotok et al. 1977 Rummo et al. 1979... 

Adams KM, Gilman S, Koeppe R, Kluin K, Brunberg J, Dede D, Berent S and Kroll PD (1993). Neuropsychological deficits are correlated with frontal hypometabolism in positron emission tomography studies of older alcoholic patients. Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, 17, 205-210. 

Antianxiety agents, in contrast, should have a long half-life, although a long elimination half-life leads to drug accumulation and thus increases the risk of neuropsychological deficits (Hobbs et ah, 1996). 

Neuropsychological deficits include disinhibition, im-pulsivity, poor social abilities, inability to anticipate future consequences of one s behavior, inability to learn from one s mistakes, and insufficient self-monitoring. These deficits reduce the number of perceived options that one has in response to situations and result in increased aggression. 

Neuropsychological deficits exist in children with Asperger s syndrome, nonverbal learning dysfunction and other learning disabilities, mental retardation (MR), frontal lobe and temporal lobe dysfunction, and traumatic brain injury (Filley et al., 2001). 

Reid WGJ, Broe GA, Morris JGL, et al The role of cholinergic deficiency in neuropsychological deficits in idiopathic Parkinson s disease. Dementia 3 114-120, 1990... 

The severity of the disorder appears to contribute to the neuropsychological deficits this relationship is most clearly recognized in the so-called melancholic subtype of depression. Another relevant factor is age cognitive deficits are generally more severe and more widespread in old than in younger depressed patients (Butters et al., 2000). 

We would note, however, that there is also evidence that enduring neuropsychological deficits may be part of a more chronic, severe bipolar disorder ( 333). Although not usually posing a serious threat, CNS effects are potentially significant in terms of compliance ( Table 10-18). 

Kim HC, Young T, Matthews CG, Weber SM, Woodward AR, Palta M. Sleep-disordered breathing and neuropsychological deficits a population-based study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997 156(6) 1813-1819. 

Bast-Pettersen R, Drablos PA, Goffeng LO, et al. 1994. Neuropsychological deficit among elderly workers in aluminum production. Am J Ind Med 25 649-662. 

Palmer et al. (1999) focused on extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) rather than TD and found that severity of EPS correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits, especially in the areas of learning and motor skills. Krausz et al. (1999) found a similar correlation between EPS and cognitive deficits on a self-rating scale. They believed the deficits were sufficient to cause potential difficulty with insight and everyday life skills. 

To this day, Mrs. Williams s psychiatrist states that he has never seen a case of permanent memory loss, or any other permanent neuropsychological deficits, following ECT. He did not report the case in the literature, to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), or to the manufacturer of the shock machine. 

Palmer, B., Heaton, R., 8c Jeste, D. (1999). Extrapyramidal symptoms and neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 45, 791-794. 

Bilder RM, Lipschutz-Broch L, Reiter G, Geisler S, Mayerhoff D, et al. 1991. Neuropsychological deficits in the early course of first episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 5 198-199. 

Steinman L, Wilkins JN. Neuropsychological deficits in 105. abstinent cocaine abusers preliminary findings after two weeks of abstinence. Drug Alcohol Depend 1993 32(3) 231-7. 106. 

Moore, J.W., Dunk, A.A., Crawford, J.R., Deans, H., Besson, J.A.O., de Lacey, G., Sinclair, T.S., Mowat, N.A.G., Brunt, P.W. Neuropsychological deficits and morphological MRI brain scan abnormalities in apparently health non-encephalopathic patients with cirrhosis. A controlled study. J. Hepatol. 1989 9 319-325... 

Messinis, L., K prianidou, A., Malefaki, S., Papathanasopoulos, P. (2006). Neuropsychological deficits in longterm frequent cannabis users. Neurology, 66, 737-739. 

The goal of CNS prophylaxis is to eradicate undetectable leukemic cells from the CNS. Leukemic meningitis is more easily prevented than treated. Once CNS relapse has occnrred, patients are at increased risk of bone marrow relapse and death from refractory leukemia. Initial trials in childhood ALL in the 1960s established craniospinal irradiation as the standard for prevention of CNS relapse." However, this approach was associated with long-term seqnelae including neuropsychological deficits, precocious puberty, osteoporosis, thyroid dysfunction, an increased incidence of brain tumors, short stature, and obesity. Subseqnent trials have demonstrated that irradiation may be replaced by freqnent administration of intrathecal chemotherapy in most children with ALL."... 

There is also little evidence of central nervous system damage as indicated by objective evidence of neuropsychological deficits (David et al., 2002). Subjective symptoms of cognitive difficulties are, of course, very common, but just as in the literature of chronic fatigue syndrome, these do not relate very well to objective indices of neuropsychological difficulties, but do relate to symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder or depression (David et al., 2002 Lindem et al., 2003). In conclusion, it is unlikely that the tens of thousands of Gulf War veterans with unexplained health problems are suffering from the results of exposure to neurotoxic chemicals (Spencer et al., 2001). 

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