Neurodevelopment schizophrenia

The Synaptic Pathology of Schizophrenia Is Aberrant Neurodevelopment and Plasticity to... 

Eastwood SL. 2004. The synaptic pathology of schizophrenia Is aberrant neurodevelopment and plasticity to blame Int Rev Neurobiol 59 47-72. 

Lewis DA, Levitt P. 2002. Schizophrenia as a disorder of neurodevelopment. Annu Rev Neurosci 25 409-432. 

Neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are implicated in neuronal development, growth, plasticity, and maintenance of function. Neurodevelopment is impaired in schizophrenia and vulnerable schizophrenic brains may be more sensitive to toxic influences. Thus, cannabis may be more neurotoxic to schizophrenic brains than to nonschizophrenic brains when used chronically. In 157 drug-naive first-episode schizophrenic patients there were significantly raised BDNF serum concentrations by up to 34% in patients with chronic cannabis abuse or multiple substance abuse before the onset of the disease (114). Thus, raised BDNF serum concentrations are not related to schizophrenia and /or substance abuse itself but may reflect cannabis-related idiosyncratic damage to the schizophrenic brain. Disease onset was 5.2 years earlier in the cannabis-consuming group. 

Benes PM. Emerging principles of altered neural circuitry in schizophrenia. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 2000 31 251-269. Lewis DA, Levitt P. Schizophrenia as a disorder of neurodevelopment. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2002 25 409-32. 

Rujescu D, Bender A, Keck M, Hartmann AM, Ohl F, Raeder H, Giegling I, Genius J, McCarley RW, Moller HJ, Grunze H. A pharmacological model for psychosis based on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction molecular, cellular, functional and behavioral abnormalities. Biol. Psychiatry 2006 59 721-729. Mouri A, Noda Y, Enomoto T, Nabeshima T. Phencyclidine animal models of schizophrenia approaches from abnormality of glutamatergic neurotransmission and neurodevelopment. Neu-rochem. Int. 2007 51 173-84. 

Ishizuka R, Pack M, Ramiya A, Sawa A. A review of Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISCI) neurodevelopment, cognition, and mental conditions. Biol. Psychiatry 2006 59 1189-1197. 

Another line of research is focused on the neurobiological development of the human brain in relation to schizophrenia. It has been hypothesised that schizophrenia is due to abnormal neurodevelopment, which results in a static encephalopathy that usually becomes manifest in adolescence. This abnormal development leads to morphological deviations such as enlarged or reduced brain structures, a disrupted communication between different brain structures, alterations in neuron density or decreased neuron size, and abnormal neuronal... 

PeetM, Poole J, LaughauneJDE. Breastfeeding neurodevelopment and schizophrenia. In PeetM, Glen AS, Horrobin D (eds). Phospholipid Spectrum Disorder in Psychiatry. Marius Press, Lancashire, Scotland, 2001. 

Pettegrew JW, Keshavan MS, Minchew NJ. P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy neurodevelopment and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bull 1993 19 35-53. 

Buckley PF, Mahadik S, Evans D, Stirewalt E. Causes, course, and neurodevelopment of schizophrenia. Current Psychosis and Therapeutic Reports 2003 1 41 9. 

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