Neurodevelopment

Connor WE The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids cardiovascular disease and neurodevelopment. Curr Opin Lipidol 1997 8 1. 

Lee S, Yang RS. 2002. Interactive effects of methylmercury and PCB mixtures on neurodevelopment in mice. Toxicologist 66 132-133. 

The Long-Term Effects on Neurodevelopment in Infants Exposed Prenatally to PCP... 

Regan CM. 1989. Lead impaired neurodevelopment Mechanisms and threshold values in the rodent. Neurotoxicol Teratol 11 533-537. 

Exposure of humans to perchlorate via foodstuffs and drinking water has been documented [241]. Urine, breast milk, amniotic fluid, saliva, and blood have been used as matrices in biomonitoring of human exposures to perchlorate [233, 242-253] (Table 10). Assessment of human exposures to perchlorate is important, since this compound blocks iodine uptake in the thyroid gland, which can lead to a decrease in the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) essential for neurodevelopment [260]. 

Berbel P, Bernal J (2010) Hypthyroxinemia a subclinical condition affecting neurodevelopment Exp Rev Endocrinol Metab 5 563-575... 

The UC Davis M.I.N.D Institute (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopment Disorders) explains the various advances in brain research like this, "Advances in imaging technology are enabling researchers to unravel the complexity of brain function. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permits researchers to identify areas of the brain at work during specific activities and... 

Both chlorine dioxide and chlorite appear to induce delays in neurodevelopment, as evidenced by delayed brain growth, decreased locomotor and exploratory behavior, and altered auditory startle response in animals exposed during critical periods of neurodevelopment. It is not known whether similar chlorine dioxide- or chlorite-induced neurodevelopmental effects might occur in humans. 

Vaccarino, F.M., Ganat Y., Zhang Y., Zhang W. (2001) Stem cells in Neurodevelopment and plasticity. Neuropsychopharmocology 25 805-815. 

Effects of early environmental adversity on HPA mediation of neurodevelopment have also been demonstrated in non-human primates (Coplan et al., 1995). Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) intracerebro-ventricular administration in rhesus monkeys that had been separated from their mothers produced behavioral inhibition and increases in ACTH and cortisol. Coplan et al (1995) presented evidence for persistently elevated cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in grown macaques that had been reared by mothers in unpredictable environmental conditions. Further studies in adversely reared adult monkeys demonstrated an inverse relationship between mean CRF concentrations and GH response to clonidine (Coplan et al., 2000). In light of evidence that reduced GH response to clonidine has been shown in other anxiety disorders (Charney and Bremner, 1999), Coplan et al. (2000) hypothesize that GH response to clonidine may inversely reflect trait-like increases of central nervous system CRF activity. Data linking childhood anxiety to growth deficits are consistent with this view (Pine et al., 1996). Activity, of the HPA axis, as related to early environmental... 

Williams GR Neurodevelopment and neurophysiological actions of thyroid hormone. J Neuroendocrinol 2008 20 784. [PMID 18601701]... 

FIGURE 4—6. Neurons are formed in excess prenatally (top panel of neurons). Some are healthy and others may be defective. Normal neurodevelopment chooses the good neurons (left), but in a developmental disorders, some defective neurons may be chosen and thus cause a neurological or psychiatric disorder later in life when that neuron is called on to perform its duties (right panel). 

In a statement, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Paediatric Society did not recommend the routine use of systemic dexamethasone for the prevention or treatment of chronic lung disease in infants with very low birthweights, because it does not reduce overall mortality and is associated with impaired growth and neurodevelopment delay (368,369). 

In an Italian prospective study, 201 preterm singleton infants received one or more antenatal courses of a glucocorticoid (398). Neurodevelopment was evaluated at 2 years 138 subjects received at least one complete course of betamethasone (37 multiple) and 63 patients received dexamethasone (33 multiple). The prevalence of infant... 

Cohort study on influence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) exposure on neurodevelopment of children Study will examine role of POP exposure on neurobehavioral development of children (European Commission 2004). 

Two of the epidemiologic studies used in EPA s risk assessment—those conducted in the Faroe Islands and New Zealand (Kjellstrom et al. 1986 Kjellstrom et al. 1989 Grandjean et al. 1997)—documented a significant inverse biomarker-neurodevelopment relationship.2 Effects included poor performance on a number of tests—tests of attention, fine-motor function, language, visual-spatial abilities, and verbal memory. The magnitude of the deficits was consistent with increases in the number of children struggling to keep up in school or requiring remedial action (Rice et al. 2003). Those effects correlated with hair mercury in both studies cord blood showed the... 

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