Nebulizers portable

Newman, S.P., Steed, K., Reader, S., Flooper, G., and Zierenberg. B., Efficient delivery to the lungs of flunisolide aerosol from a new portable hand-held multidose nebulizer, J. Pharm. Sci., 85 960-964 (1996). 

Finally, beta-2 drugs can be delivered via a dry powder inhaler (DPI).33,81 This method offers the portability and convenience similar to an MDI. Again, the therapeutic effects of delivering a beta-2 drug via a DPI are not superior to other methods of inhalation (MDI, nebulizer), but DPIs may be easier for certain patients who lack the coordination and timing needed to use an MDI.33,78... 

Desorption electrospray ionization was implemented on this portable mass spectrometer [23], DESI experiments were carried out at ambient capillary temperature, at a spray voltage of 3kV and a nebulizing N2 gas flow of 80-120 psi. Detection of RDX from three different surfaces (paper, plastic, and metal) was demonstrated with this portable instrument in the positive-ion mode, with an analysis time of 5-10 s. The result obtained for 10 ng of RDX deposited on 1-cm2 paper is shown in Fig 11(a). Figure 11(b) shows... 

Nebulizer jet nebulization ultrasonic nebulization. Generates small particles with higher delivery capacities than pMDIs and DPIs no coordination required. Inconvenient long inhalation times poor dose control lack of portability expensive. More compact and portable devices breath enhanced nebulizers dosimetric nebulizers. 

Although they are compact units and hence easily portable, the dense aerosol plume produced often has a population of drops with a higher MMAD and GSD in comparison to air-jet nebulizers and hence ultrasonic nebulizers tend to be less widely used. 

Efforts are being directed towards improving the various devices currently used for aerosol generation. As described above, such efforts include the development of more portable nebulizers, replacing the use of CFCs in pMDIs with HFAs and the development of more sophisticated multiple dose DPIs, etc. (Table 10.2). 

Recently, a comparison study of deposition pattern of aqueous nasal spray pumps and non-portable nebulizers was published. The obtained controversial results showed a relative standard deviation of 35-80%. This demonstrates the variations in nasal anatomy and physiology from individual to individual. Other stud-ies indicate that differences in the spray performance, i.e., spray angle and particle size distribution, of delivery systems do not necessarily result in different in vivo deposition. 

Some companies are focusing on the development of a new generation of liquid systems that are portable, more efficient, more gentle on the macromolecule and that can deliver the medicine in far fewer puffs than the old fashioned nebulizer. Two companies who are developing advanced pulmonary delivery liquid systems are Aradigm Corporation, Hayward, CA, and AeroGen, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA. 

HaloLite, shown in Fig. 11, is a hand-held drug delivery system developed by Medic-Aid (Bognor Regis, United Kingdom). The device, which uses compressed air, consists of a medication chamber, a control unit, and an aerosol generation assembly that is operated by a portable, dedicated compressor. The aerosol is generated based upon conventional nebulization principles. The control unit allows the patient to select a... 

Classes 1 and 2 are modifications of conventional nebulizing therapy in the perspective that these have operational times lasting nunutes or more. The last two classes introduce novel nebulizer technology that is fundamentally different in that delivery time for drug aerosol is very short, typically 1 or 2 s. Further, the latter two classes offer the convenience and portability more common to the DPI or pMDI than to traditional nebulizers. 

The power consumption of the vibrating membrane is low allowing small batteries to power the device. Because the additional components (fluid reservoir, electronics, mouthpiece, and valves) do not require large volumes, it should be feasible to develop a small, portable nebulizer with a self-contained battery... 

Commercial development of TouchSpray and Microjet technology has not yet occurred and we can only speculate on how each will be developed. TouchSpray seems to offer potential as an MDI replacement but also offers traditional nebulization applications with convenience and portability, given its small size and low power requirements. If it is manufactured in high numbers, the overall costs would be expected to be low. TouchSpray technology developed from ink-jet... 

Nebulized drug delivery is possibly the most confused area of clinical practice, largely as a result of little or no regulatory control. New nebulizer technology offers greater convenience and portability and a significant increase in aerosol dose delivery. On one hand, this new, more efficient technology offers... 

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