Nebulizers breath-enhanced

Nebulizer jet nebulization ultrasonic nebulization. Generates small particles with higher delivery capacities than pMDIs and DPIs no coordination required. Inconvenient long inhalation times poor dose control lack of portability expensive. More compact and portable devices breath enhanced nebulizers dosimetric nebulizers. 

Leung, K., Louca, E., and Coates, A. L. (2004), Comparison of breath-enhanced to breath-actuated nebulizers for rate, consistency, and efficiency, Chest, 126, 1619— 1627. 

Rau, J. L., Ari, A., and Restrepo, R. D. (2004), Performance comparison of nebulizer designs Constant-output, breath-enhanced, and dosimetric, Respir. Care, 49, 174-179. 

Dennis JH. Drug nebulizer design and performance breath-enhanced jet vs constant output jet vs ultrasonic. J Aerosol Med 1995 8(3) 277-280. 

Smaldone, G.C. Enhanced In-Vitro Delivery of Budesonide via Continuous and Breath-Activated Nebulization, European Respiratory Society, Florence Italy, Aug 30-Sept 3, 2000. 

Several models have been proposed to calculate deposition of particles within the respiratory tract of children, but these remain highly controversial because of the assumptions about the breathing pattern and structure of the upper and lower respiratory tract that have been made (223,224). Drug delivery to the very young child is enhanced by the fact that infants with PlFs below 100 mL/s (6 L/min— generally those less than 6 months of age) will inhale pure aerosol from a nebulizer, whereas air which does not contain aerosol will be entrained in older subjects, resulting in some dilution of the delivered dose (Fig. 11) (221,225). 

---