Aqueous nasal spray pumps

Recently, a comparison study of deposition pattern of aqueous nasal spray pumps and non-portable nebulizers was published. The obtained controversial results showed a relative standard deviation of 35-80%. This demonstrates the variations in nasal anatomy and physiology from individual to individual. Other stud-ies indicate that differences in the spray performance, i.e., spray angle and particle size distribution, of delivery systems do not necessarily result in different in vivo deposition. 

Suman, J.D. Laube, B.L. Dalby, R. Nasal Nebulizers versus Aqueous Nasal Spray Pumps A Comparison of Deposition in Human Volunteers. Respiratory Drug Delivery VI, Hilton Head Island, SC, May 3-7, 1998 School of Pharmacy of Virginia Commonwealth University, Interpharm Press Buffalo Grove, IL, 1998 211-218. 

Suman, J.D. Laube, B.L. Ta-chun, L. Brouet, G. Dalby, R. In Vitro Tests of Aqueous Nasal Spray Pumps May Not Predict In Vivo Deposition Pattern. Postersession Aerosol Delivery, AAPS New Orleans, LA, Nov 14-18, 1999. 

Various studies (Bond et al. 1984 Newman et al. 1987a) have found droplet size distributions of aqueous nasal spray products to have mass mean (median) diameter values between 44 and 62 pun. These studies showed that the majority of the dose was deposited locally in the anterior one-third of the nose. The relationship between retention time and viscosity has shown that the addition of various concentrations of methylcellulose (MC) to a metered spray pump containing desmopressin resulted in a dose-related increase in mean particle size from 51 pan (0 percent MC) to 81 pan (0.25 percent MC) to 200 pirn (0.5 percent MC), without a change in mean spray weight. The longest retention time was observed for the 0.25 percent MC solution, which was attributed to its particle size (81 p,m) and not to an increase in viscosity, since a decrease in retention time was observed for the highest viscosity (0.5 percent MC) solution... 

Only two antidiuretic peptides are available for clinical use in the United States (1) Vasopressin (synthetic 8-l-arginine vasopressin Pitressin) is available as a sterile aqueous solution it may be administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intranasally. (2) Desmopressin acetate (synthetic l-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin DDAVP, others) is available as a sterile aqueous solution packaged for intravenous or subcutaneous injection, in a nasal solution for intranasal administration with either a nasal spray pump or rhinal tube delivery system, and in tablets for oral administration. The therapeutic uses of vasopressin and its congeners can be divided into two main categories according to the type of vasopressin receptor involved. 

Atrovent (ipratropium bromide) Nasal Spray 0.03% is a metered-dose, manual-pump spray unit that delivers 21 meg (70, uL ) ipratropium bromide per spray on an anhydrous basis in an isotonic, aqueous solution with pH... 

Nasonex nasal spray, 50 meg is a metered-dose, manual-pump spray unit containing an aqueous suspension of mometasone furoate monohydrate equivalent to 0.05% w/w mometasone furoate, calculated on the anhydrous basis, in an aqueous medium containing glycerin, micro-... 

A nasal spray (isotonic aqueous ipratropium pump) has been used in allergic and non-allergic rhinitis as well as the common cold. The spray caused no systemic adverse effects and only minor infrequent episodes of nasal dryness and epistaxis, which did not interfere with treatment (15,16). 

Mometasone furoate nasal suspension is supplied as an aqueous suspension with an atomizing pump that dispenses 50 pg per metered spray. The total daily dose for mometasone furoate is 200 pg. 

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