Purification natural gas

Ethanolamines. These are produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide and ammonia (see Alkanolamines). Approximately one-third of the production is used in detergents. Other appHcations include natural gas purification, cosmetics, metalworking, textiles, and chemical intermediates (282). 

Wastes from petroleum refining, natural gas purification and pyrolitic treatment of coal Wastes from inorganic chemical processes Wastes from organic chemical processes... 

Absorption is a commonly applied operation in chemical processing. It is used as a raw material or a product recovery technique in separation and purification of gaseous streams containing high concentrations of organics (e.g., in natural gas purification and coke by-product recovery operations). In absorption, the organics in the gas stream are dissolved in a liquid solvent. The contact between the absorbing liquid and the vent gas is accomplished in countercurrent spray towers, scrubbers, or packed or plate columns. 

Elemental sulfur from natural gas purification and petroleum refining, Chapter 3 70... 

Sulfuric acid plants are located throughout the industrialized world, Fig. 2.2. Most are located near their product acid s point of use, i.e. near phosphate fertilizer plants, nickel ore leach plants and petroleum refineries. This is because elemental sulfur is cheaper to transport than sulfuric acid. Examples of long distance sulfur shipment are from natural gas purification plants in Alberta, Canada to acid plants near phosphate rock based fertilizer plants in Florida and Australia. A new sulfur-burning sulfuric acid plant (4400 tonnes of acid per day) is costing 75 million U.S. dollars (Sulfuric 2005). 

The reaction product can either be directly poured onto cooling rollers or first purified by distillation (b.p. 513 to 515°C). If a non-discolored phosphorus(V) sulfide is required, organic impurity-free phosphorus and very pure sulfur have to be used. The former can be obtained by sulfuric acid extraction and the latter from natural gas purification. 

Since 1978, the use of zeolites to solve environmental pollution and energy conservation problems showed promise and was expected to increase. Natural zeolites have many commercial uses in coal gasification and natural gas purification, selectively adsorb molecules from water or air, purify sludge effluents to potable standards, extract trace amounts... 

Use Decolorizing of sugar, water and air purification, solvent recovery, waste treatment, removal of sulfur dioxide from stack gases and clean rooms, deodorant, removal of jet fumes from airports, catalyst for natural-gas purification, brewing, chromium electroplating, air- conditioning. 

Use Solvent extraction, plasticizer, organic synthesis, natural gas purification, synthetic fiber spinning solvent. 

Industrial SO2 emissions cause acid rain and result in serious environmental disasters. The world s most severe acid rain regions today are Northern America, Europe, and China. The major sources of SO2 emisions are coal-burning power plants (for example, in China, they produce about 26 million tons of the hazardous SO2, which is almost 40% of the total SO2 emissions), steelworks, non-ferrous metallurgical plants, as well as oil refineries and natural gas purification plants. The SO2 emissions in air are usually high-volume and low-concentration the SO2 fraction is usually on the level of hundreds of ppm, while total flow of polluted air in one system can reach a million cubic meters per hour (Pu Woskov,... 

A potential large scale application for gas separation emerges in natural gas purification. For this reason, the carbon dioxide/methane system is subject to extensive research. Sulfonated PPE and a blend of PPE with heteropolyacids (HPA)s has been compared with respect to their separation efficiency for mixtures of carbon dioxide and methane. The permeation coefficients and the selectivity are shown in Table 4.8. 

The security operation of natural gas purification plant relates to the factory and the safety of operators, for there exists flammable, explosive gas in it. Once incidents come out, it will cause casualties and economic loss (CAI YAO 2008, PENG et al 2009, SHAO et al 2007). Because of the complex production environment of natural gas purification plant, factors causing the risk in the plant are various, most of which are fuzzy. Therefore, adopting the fuzzy comprehensive evduation model can analyze the possibilities and consequences of all kinds of risks. Using fuzzy language can express the possibilities and consequences of the risks in the plant, and determine the sort of the risk area, so as to guide the safe production (HUANG J1 ANG 2007). 

Because there exist many risk factors in natural gas purification plant and each factor is complex, it is... 

Overview of Membrane Technology for Natural Gas Purification Application... 

Omole, I.C. et al.. Effects of CO2 on a high performance hollow-fiber membrane for natural gas purification. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010. 49(10) 4887 896. 

Uses Solvent for inorg. salts, plasticizers, syn. fibers, polymers, pigments, dyes, paints extraction solvent plar process solvent intermediate for organic syntheses reactive diluent for urethane foams and coatings foundry sand binders textiles natural gas purification bento-nite/montmorillonite gellant (greases, cosmetics) hydraulic fluid additive plasticizer cosmetics lubricant, solvent flavor for pharmaceuticals antifoam for antifreeze in food-pkg. adhesives Features Medicinal, minty flavor... 

M. Alexis, W. Hillock, W. J. Koros, Cross-hnkable polyimide membrane for natural gas purification and carbon dioxide plasticization rednction. Macromolecules, 40, 583-587... 

M. Askari, T.-S. Chung, Natural gas purification and olefin/paraffin separation using thermal cross-linkable co-polyimide/ZIF-8 mixed matrix membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 444 (2013) 173-183. 

At this point, 30mlg CO2 (6wt%) is stored in the solid. The material demonstrated high affinity and selectivity for CO2 due to the hydrophobic character of the cavity walls and can potentially be used for natural gas purification and flue gas separation. 

Adsorption of H2S is an important process, for example, for natural gas purification. In this process, not pure H2S but a mixture of methane and H2S (and also other components like CO2 and hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane) come into contact with the adsorbent, and competitive adsorption has to be considered. As shovm in Figure 3.3.41b, the loading of the molecular sieve by H2S (for a given partial pressure of H2S) is reduced by about 20% if we increase the total pressure to 60 bar by the addition of CH4. Even if methane is only weakly adsorbed compared to H2S (Figure 3.3.41a), the high partial pressure of methane in natural gas considerably reduces the loading with H2S, since H2S is partly replaced by methane by competitive adsorption. This phenomenon has to be considered in many adsorption processes, as examined below in more detail. 

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