Natural fiber description

Most manufactured fibers are available as staple, tow, and filament. Natural fibers are available only in the characteristic forms in which they occur, with filament silk and cotton staple as examples. All manufactured fibers are formed initially as filament yarns. The German adjective endlos (literally translated endless ) is very descriptive, as filament yams are continuous strands consisting of one or more members that for most practical purposes are infinite in length. Fine filament yarns (40-100 denier) are used in producing lightweight apparel fabrics,... 

Fibers, the basis for most textiles, consist of natural fibers, chemically modified natural fibers, or synthetic fibers (a description of the differences of these fiber types is given in the article). 

The forming method has it that isotactic polypropylene is formed as a board on which one or more parallel layers of fibers are applied. Additionally, on one side, the ends of fibers must reach out over the edge of the board to be caught and puUed. Next, the second polypropylene board is applied. The boards are heated to 175-285°C at a constant or increased pressure, and then the set is cooled down. Below 150°C, the fibers are moved to the distance up to few millimeters at 0.01-0.1 m/s. Having obtained the desired shape, the product is cooled down to the ambient temperature [3]. The technique presented in the cited patent description ensures high content of p form in the polypropylene composite reinforced with natural fiber. 

High Aspect Ratio Mechanical Property Modifiers with detailed description of glass fibers, mica flakes, nanodays, carbon nanotubes/nanofibers and carbon fibers, and natural fibers. Chapters 7-11. 

This ehapter will be presented in two sections — one for natural fibers (cotton, wool, blends, etc.) and one for synthetie fibers (nylon, polyester, blends, ete.). Each section will review many of the more eommon NIR analyses, methods, and teehniques for textile products. Both laboratory and at-line/on-line NIR analyses will be reviewed. In addition, a more detailed description will be provided in eaeh section for a few of the more eommon NIR textile techniques. Even though most textile readers may have prior knowledge of some of these detailed applications, it cannot be assumed that all readers are familiar with all of them. Thus, background and a brief preparatory description of the textile proeess and materials prior to each detailed applieation will be given, as well as specific references for those who wish to study the subjeet in greater detail. 

Consequently, it is worth overviewing extensively current research efforts on the effects of surface treatment of natural fibers on the properties of biocomposites in terms of interfacial, static mechanical, dynamic mechanical, impact, thermal, physical, morphological, fracture behavior, and water absorption. In the present chapter, the description and information focus mostly on the results reported in recent years. 

Natural fibrous materials are identified somewhat by chance. For example, there are seven vanadate and seven vanadium oxysalt minerals on the list of fibrous minerals. These species are composed of a rare element, vanadium, but the fibrous samples may have attracted attention because they are often brightly colored. Vanadinite [Pb5(V04)3Cl] for example, is bright orange-red. Further, the list of natural mineral fibers we have compiled contains seventy-seven phosphate species. So many phosphates are listed because detailed descriptions of these mostly quite rare minerals were readily available (Nriagu and Moore, 1984). 

A membrane, whether naturally occurring or synthetic, is taken to be a structure with a large aspect ratio in which one of its three dimensions is much thinner than the other two dimensions. The simplest form of a membrane is thus a flat diaphragm, but the above description also applies to hollow fiber, or even a spherical or bag-like encapsulation domain surrounding living cells. 

Natural polymeric fibers can originate in the animal kingdom or vegetable kingdom. We give below a brief description of these. 

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