Natural Brown

Juglone [481-39-0] (Cl Natural Brown 7 Cl 75500) was isolated from the husks of walnuts in 1856 (50). Juglone belongs to the Juglandaceae family of which there are a number of species Jug/ans cinerea (butter nuts), J. regia (Persian walnuts), and J. nigra (black walnuts). Persian walnuts were known to the ancient Romans who brought them over from Asia Minor to Europe. As early as 1664, the American colonists knew how to extract the brown dye from the nuts of the black walnut and butternut trees, both native to eastern North America (51). 

A systematic study was carried out using in parallel 50 standard solutions for each concentration of three natural colorants (curcumin, carminic acid, and caramel as yellow, red, and brown, respectively). No false positive results for synthetics were obtained up to concentrations of 15 and 20 ng/ml for natural red and yellow colorants, respectively, or 110 ng/ml for natural brown colorant. The concentrations have to be high enough to prove that the screening method is able to accurately discriminate natural and synthetic colorants. To make a clear interpretation of the quantitative UV-Vis spectrum, linear regression analysis was used. Quantitative UV-Vis analysis of a dye ° can be calculated according to the following formula ... 

JugJone (Cl Natural Brown 7 Cl 755001 was isolated from the husks of walnuts in 1856. Juglone occurs in walnuts as a glycoside of its reduced form, 1,4,5-trihydroxynaphthalcnc. Its structure is (3),... 

OZOCERITE. Sometimes spelled ozokerite, this is a natural, brown to jet black mineral (paraffin) wax comprised mainly of hydrocarbons. The melting point is variable. The material is soluble in chloroform. When heated with sulfuric acid (20-30%) from 120-200°C, ozocerite yields ceresine. Sometimes called earth wax, fossil wax, mineral wax, and native paraffin. 

C.I. Natural Brown 6 (constitution not available), basic structure gallic acid (gallotannin 1), is based on a large variety of vegetable products having a high content of hydrolyzable tannin, which mostly form gallic acid when hydrolyzed. 

C.I. Natural Brown 3, 75250 (catechu) has the basic structure of catechin (2) and is a condensed tannin, e.g., gambier from leaves and twigs of the Uncaria gambler bush. Many of these tanning agents are based on a catechin flavanoid. 

Natural Brown 7 ovata, C. illinomsis [leaf, nut] [antifungal, antiviral,... 

Juglone (= 2-Demethyl-plumbagin 5-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione Mucin Natural Brown 7 Regianin) (naphthoquinone)... 

FIGURE 1.2 Fiber bundle cross-sections obtained with transmitted light microscopy (a) for natural brown cotton where the presence of material bodies are visible within the lumens of some fibers and (b) for natural green cotton where the fibers are quite immature and are chacterized by the presence of suberin in the fiber walls and not material bodies in the lumen. 

Testing of Black Natural Dyeings. Black dyeings are first boiled in tin(II) chloride solution (15). During this treatment, dyeings with iron tannate (C.I. Natural Brown 6) become almost colorless, whereas dyeings with tanners sumach (Rhus coriaria L., Herba, C.I. Natural Brown 6) turn yellow-orange because of their quercetin content. 

When a brown natural dyeing turns yellow upon vatting with sodium dithionite and ammonia and the original shade returns upon reoxidation, the dyeing probably was produced with walnut shells (C.I. Natural Brown 7) or some other hydroxynaphthoquinone. 

Figure 5. TLC of hydroxyflavone dyes. I, dyers rocket (Reseda luteola L., C.L Natural Yellow 2) 2, young fustic (Cotinus coggygria SCOP., C.I. Natural Brown 1) 3, buckthorn berries (Rhamnus cathartica L., fructi immaturi, C.I. Natural Yellow 13) 4, old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria GAUD., C.I. Natural Yellow 1 5, osage orange wood (Maclura pomifera, C.L Natural Yellow 8) and 6, bastard hemp (Datisca cannabina L., C.L...

Isolation of two trimeric compounds with lactone ring. Holzforschung 35 183-187 Yeboah SA, Wang S-H, Griffiths PR (1984) Effect of pressure on diffuse reflectance infrared spectra of compressed powders. Appl Spectrosc 38 259-264 Zavarin E, Nguyen C, Romero E (1982) Preparation of enzymatically liberated lignin from naturally brown-rotted wood. J Wood Chem Technol 2 343-37... 

Aldoses undergo the Amadori rearrangement and subsequently turn into caramels, the natural brown food colorants, and/or heteroaromatic compounds — derivatives of pyrrole, imidazole, and pyrazine. Ketoses react similarly into ketosylamino acids or ketosylamines, which, in the first step, undergo the Heyns rearrangement (5.17-5.23). These rearrangements are the first steps of either thermal or enzymatic (the Maillard reaction) reactions resulting in the browning of food and the aroma of roasted, baked, or fried foodstuffs. 

Nirox 600. [New Riverside Ochre] Mi-cronized natural brown p ment... 

The majority of the permitted colourants discussed in this account are natural products with the exception of the four synthetic carotenoids. The only semi-synthetic materials used appear to be copper chlorophyllin and caramel. Although in all the natural materials discussed in this whole account mixtures are undoubtedly present, the composition of caramel (E150, Cl natural brown 10) must be even more complex, probably justifying the expression describing it as a composition of matter. ... 

Maartens A., Swart P., Jacobs E.P. (1998), Humic membrane foulants in natural brown water characterisation and removal, Desalination, 115, 215-227. 

Natural brown soils are commonly second only to chernozems in meeting the requirements of a good agricultural soil. Under conditions prevailing for centuries, or thousands of years, deciduous forests tend to build up a characteristic soil that is determined chiefly by the trees themselves and climate. The climax vegetation that becomes established leads to a climax soil that is also stabilized so long as conditions remain reasonably constant and man does not interfere. 

Sepiomelanin (C. I. natural brown 9). Gray-black pigment from the dried accessory gland of the hindgut of cephalopods of the genus Sepia, (e. g., the Mediterranean common octopus, Sepia officinalis) obtained by dissolution in alkali and precipitation with hydrochloric acid. S. is probably a copolymer of indole-5,6-quinone and 5,6-dioxo-5,6-dihydroindole-2-carbox-ylic acid it is used, among others, in aquarelle paints. Lit. Nicolaus,.Melanins, p. 68-91, Paris Hermann 1968 Ullmann (4.) 11, 116. - [HS 320300]... 

CAS 8028-89-5 EINECS/ELINCS 232-435-9 FEMA 2235 INS150a E150a Synonyms Burnt sugar Burnt sugar coloring Caramel color Natural brown 10 Plain caramel... 

CAS 7235-40-7 EINECS/ELINCS 230-636-6 Synonyms P-Carotene Natural brown 5 Natural carotenel Natural yellow 26 Classification Carotenoid color Empirical C40H56 Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Colorant in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aidrich.com] Fluka http //www.sigma-aidrich.com] Sigma See aiso Carotene Cl 40800... 

---