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Natural and Synthetic Fibers

To help you organize and remember all of the nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions that can occur at a carbonyl carbon, keep in mind the following two principles  [Pg.859]

Summary of the Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives [Pg.859]

An important practical application of organic chemistiy has been the synthesis of synthetic fibers, many of which have properties that are different from and sometimes superior to their naturally occurring counterparts. The two most common classes of synthetic polymers are based on polyamides and polyesters. [Pg.859]

Chapter 22 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives—Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution [Pg.860]

R groups contain C, H, and functional groups like NH2, COOH, OH, and SH. [Pg.860]

Wool and silk—Proteins with many amide bonds [Pg.858]

The search for a synthetic fiber with properties similar to silk led to the discovery of nylon (the chapter-opening molecnle), a polyamide. There are several different kinds of nylon, but the most well known is called nylon 6,6. [Pg.859]

DuPont built the first commercial nylon plant in 1938. Although it was initially used by the military to make parachutes, nylon quickly replaced silk in many common clothing articles after World War II. [Pg.859]


The physical properties of these fibers are compared with those of natural fibers and other synthetic fibers in Table 1. Additional property data may be found in compilations of the properties of natural and synthetic fibers (1). Apart from the polyolefins, acryhcs and nylon fibers are the lightest weight fibers on the market. Modacryhcs are considerably more dense than acryhcs, with a density about the same as wool and polyester. [Pg.274]

General schemes for the identification of natural and synthetic fibers have been estabhshed by the Textile Institute and by the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (8). A comprehensive treatment of burning, solvent, staining, microscopy, and density techniques has been given (9) and a general discussion of procedures for identifyiag synthetic fibers has been presented (10). [Pg.277]

Searching a crime scene is a complex process (25), involving poHce, crime scene technicians, and forensic scientists. The procedure requires careful documentation, collection, and preservation of the evidence. Trace evidence (26) in criminal investigations typically consists of hairs (27,28) both natural and synthetic fibers (qv) (29,30), fabrics glass (qv) (31,32) plastics (33) sod plant material budding material such as cement (qv), paint (qv), stucco, wood (qv), etc (34), flammable fluid residues (35,36), eg, in arson investigations explosive residues, eg, from bombings (37,38) (see Explosives and propellents), and so on. [Pg.487]

Dry-Laid Pulp. A principal objective of using air to form webs from natural and synthetic fiber pulps is to produce relatively lofty, porous stmctures from short fibers, without using water. Early technical developments in air-laid pulp processing were made by Kroyer in Denmark. [Pg.151]

A needled felt, on the other hand, is a fabric composed of natural, synthetic, or a combination of natural and synthetic fibers physically interlocked by the action of a needle loom with or without combination of other textile fabrics and with or without suitable combination of mechanical work, chemical action, moisture, and heat, but without weaving, knitting, stitching, thermal bonding, or adhesives (16). [Pg.153]

Organometallic Complexes. Wemer-type complexes of chromium and long-chain carboxyflc acids, eg, stearic acid, are water repeUents for fabrics of natural and synthetic fibers. The complexes have a smaU market in the textile industry. [Pg.308]

Diketene also is widely employed as a natural and synthetic fiber cross-linking agent, wood preservative and paper-sizing agent. Both it and /3-propiolactone have wide application as chemical intermediates. The synthetic applications of diketene for the synthesis of aromatic, heterocyclic and aliphatic compounds is exceptionally extensive (74ACR265). [Pg.402]

In this part, we will distinguish between natural and synthetic fibers because different methods are usually involved to provide flame retardancy by intumescence for the two classes. A few papers report recent development and performance of intumescent textiles. Very often the authors describe the mechanism of action of their materials as mechanism via charring enhancement or something similar. Nevertheless based on the chemical nature of the flame retardant used and by the described... [Pg.141]

Figure 1.2 Oassification of fibers based on natural and synthetic fibers. Figure 1.2 Oassification of fibers based on natural and synthetic fibers.
Blend A mix of natural staple fibers such as cotton or wool and synthetic staple fibers such as nylon, polyester. Blends are made to take advantages of the natural and synthetic fibers. [Pg.9]

One may divide the whole field of fibers in many different ways. One may divide them as natural and synthetic fibers or as potymeric, metallic, and ceramic fibers, etc. One convenient classification is based u[H>n the fiber end use, i.e. apparel and nonapparel fibers. The apparel fibers include synthetic fibers such as nylon, rayon, polyester, spandex, and natural fibers such as wool, cotton, jute, sisal. [Pg.29]

Textile — The chemical treatment of natural and synthetic fibers is concerned with functionalization reactions having the purpose of obtaining improvements in both the manufacturing process and in the final product. Improvements in dyeing are obtained through pre- - or post-treatments - aimed at stabilizing the color, as described in Sec. A.2. [Pg.281]

In the textile industry, because of its intense, but nevertheless fiber protecting, bleaching effect. Sodium Chlorite HOECHST is used for bleaching nearly all natural and synthetic fibers. The effects on synthetic fibers, e.g., polyamide, polyester, and polyacrylonitrile are extremely good and cannot be obtained by other bleaching products which are used in the textile industry. [Pg.55]

LEOMIN KP has the great advantage of providing natural and synthetic fibers with a-very good conductivity and at the same time, free flowing properties. [Pg.74]

BURCOVEL C may be used on a wide variety of natural and synthetic fibers and blends Including cotton, nylon, polyester, acrylics, and polyester/cotton blends. It provides excellent softness, lubricity, and drapability. It has good resistance to discoloration from heat, ageing, and ultraviolet light. Unlike many other cationic softeners, it does not reduce the absorbency of fabrics treated with it. BURCOVEL C imparts antistatic and antidusting properties as well as softness. [Pg.124]


See other pages where Natural and Synthetic Fibers is mentioned: [Pg.264]    [Pg.265]    [Pg.275]    [Pg.276]    [Pg.491]    [Pg.505]    [Pg.69]    [Pg.72]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.453]    [Pg.269]    [Pg.471]    [Pg.308]    [Pg.425]    [Pg.455]    [Pg.384]    [Pg.120]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.202]    [Pg.453]    [Pg.122]    [Pg.1630]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.166]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.731]    [Pg.269]    [Pg.471]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.195]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.101]    [Pg.177]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.178 , Pg.188 , Pg.222 ]




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