Against Biological Attack

In war an unusual outbreak of disease would probably be the first indication that BW agents were being employed. Troops would immediately need a sampling device to detect organisms. The CWS therefore devised 

under combat conditions, there was danger of biological warfare and no way of knowing what micro-organisms an enemy might use, the individual soldier would, as in gas warfare, have to rely on his mask and special protective clothing. One of the most pressing problems of CWS research, therefore, was to devise truly effective leakproof combat and service masks. 

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Eor practical purposes, the sapwood of all species may be considered to be susceptible to biodeterioration. The heartwood of some species, however, contains toxic extractives that protect it against biological attack. Among the native species that have decay-resistant or highly decay-resistant heartwood are bald cypress, redwood, cedars, white oak, black locust, and black walnut (60). Douglas-fir, several of the pines, the larches, and honey locust... 

Figure 2.2. Changes in particle size, C/N ratio, and chemical composition of organic matter in mineral soil with increasing extent of oxidative decomposition. Reprinted from Baldock, J. A., and Skjemstad, J. O. (2000). The role of soil mineral matrix in protecting natural organic materials against biological attack. Org. Geochem. 31, 697-710, with permission from Elsevier.

Baldock, J.A., and Skjemstad, J.O. (2000) Role of soil matrix and minerals in protecting natural organic material against biological attack. Org. Geochem. 31, 697-710. 

Biological Defense (BD). Biological defense includes methods, plans, and procedures to establish and execute defensive measures against biological attack (e.g. vaccination, equipment to mitigate exposure, and training)... 

Casadevall A (2002). Antibodies for defense against biological attack. Nat. Biotech-nol. 20 114. 

Biostabilizers are used to protect polymers against biological attack, primarily by microorganisms. 

GFRP pipes have excellent resistance against biological attacks (e.g., bacteria, fungi or other microorganisms). With the appropriate ehoiee... 

European Standard EN 335-1, 1992. Hazard classes of wood and wood-based products against biological attack - Part 1 Classification of hazard classes. 

Bio-stabilizers are natural or synthetic, mostly low-molecular substances that are utilized to ensure the stabiiity of a materiai against biological attack. They destroy or suppress the growth of viruses, bacteria, and/or fungi. Bio-stabilizers must exhibit a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity - in addition to the requirements piaced on all stabilizers. 

The Army had meanwhile been giving serious consideration to preparations against biological attack. Shortly after General Porter became Chief,... 

Durability of wood and wood-based products. Hazard classes of wood and wood-based products against biological attack. Rart 1. Classification of hazard classes Durability of wood and wood-based products. Hazard classes of wood and wood-based products against biological attack. Rart 2. Guide to the application of hazard classes to solid wood Durability of wood and wood-based products. Definition of hazard classes of biological attack. Rart 3. Application to wood based panels... 

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