Natale

The expression of all three PPAR isotypes peaks in the rat central nervous system between days 13.5-18.5 of gestation, and while expression of both PPARa and PPARy decline post-natally, expression of PPARS remains high (except for the retina, where all three isoforms are expressed in the adult rodent). An important role for PPARS in CNS development is underscored by the occurrence of defective myelination in the PPARS-null mouse. 

Mil. Morris, R. M., Chem. Eng. Dept., Univ. of Natal, Durban, South Africa, Personal communication, 1966. 

Link DR, Natale G, Shao R, Maclennan JE, Clark NA, Korblova E, Walba DM (1997)... 

Meehan, T.D., Lott, C.A., Sharp, Z.D., Smith, R.B., Rosenfield, R.N., Stewart, A.C., Murphy, R.K. (2001). Using hydrogen isotope geochemistry to estimate the natal latitudes of immature Cooper s hawks migrating through the Florida keys. Condor, Vol. 103,11-20. 

Submitted by George W. Kabalka/ Robert Hutchins, Nicholas R. Natale, Dominic T. C. Yang, and Vicky Broach ... 

The balance of the evidence at present inclines against any major chemosensory role (Monti-Bloch et al., 1998 Trotier et al., 2000 Meredith, 2001). As noted, evidence of pre-natal, even if transient, functionality (Chap. 4) needs expansion not neglect (Yukimatsu et al., 2000). Its existence into adult hood is at least anatomically admitted, while the degree of variability uncovered in recent surveys of occurrence and of basic morphology (Table 5.1), suggest that an absolute functional disregard is premature. 

Breipohl W., Naguro T. and Walker D.G. (1989). Post-natal development of Masera s organ in rat. Chem Senses 14, 649-662. 

Pomeroy S.L., LaMantia A.S. and Purves D. (1990). Post-natal construction of neural circuitry in the mouse olfactory bulb. J Neurosci 10, 1952-1966. 

Smith C.G. (1935). The change in volume of the olfactory and accessory olfactory bulbs of the albino rat during post-natal life. J Comp Neurol 61, 477-508. 

Wilson K.C. and Raisman G. (1980). Age-related changes in the neurosensory epithelium of the mouse vomeronasal organ extended period of post-natal growth in size and evidence for rapid cell turnover in the adult. Brain Res 185, 103-113. 

Clinical experience with the infants exposed primarily to PCP pre-natally is remarkably close to Wilson et al. These neonates are difficult to console, have alternating periods of lethargy and irritability, and are unable to control the tremors of their extremities when unswaddled. Vasomotor instability, diarrhea, and voracious sucking movements are infrequently seen in the PCP-exposed infants who were followed. Chasnoff et al. (1983) compared these behaviors in infants exposed prenatally to PCP to those of adults who have acute intoxication. 

Mulryan, John and Steven Brown. Natale Conti and the alchemists the wedding of myth and science in the Renaissance. CaudaPavonis 9, no. 2 (Fall 1990) 1-3. 

Children sometimes differ from adults in their susceptibility to hazardous chemicals, but whether there is a difference depends on the chemical (Guzelian et al. 1992 NRC 1993). Children may be more or less susceptible than adults to health effects and the relationship may change with developmental age (Guzelian et al. 1992 NRC 1993). Vulnerability often depends on developmental stage. There are critical periods of structural and functional development during both pre-natal and post-natal life and a particular structure or function will be most sensitive to disruption during its critical period(s). Damage... 

Children s Susceptibility. Many of the known health effects that have been associated with low level lead exposure have been detected in children who experienced lead exposures both in utero and postnatally. Considerable uncertainty remains about the relative contribution of in utero and postnatal exposures to the development of health outcomes that are expressed later in childhood. This information is important for distinguishing those health outcomes that might be mitigated during the post-natal period from those that must be mitigated by limiting in utero exposure. Considerable uncertainty also remains... 

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