Nasal washes

Washes Aqueous preparations designed to cleanse specific parts of the body. Examples include enemas, eye drops, mouth washes, and nasal washes. General washes made official include Alkaline Aromatic Solution N.F. and Antiseptic Solution... 

Day of the experiment Clinical scoring Throat swab Blood withdrawal Nasal wash Saliva... 

Throat swabs, blood withdrawals, nasal washes and saliva samples are isolated on the indicated (X) days. Blood specimens (3 mL) are taken by venipuncture from the cephalic vein. Nasal washes are collected by instilling 1.5 mL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) into the nostril and immediately aspirating wash fluid and secretions with a sterile S5uinge. Saliva specimens are collected by aspiration from the cheek pouch. Prior to throat swabbing, clinical scoring of tonsillitis and pharyngeal erythema severity is performed by a trained veterinarian who is blinded to the two animal groups. 

Following clinical scoring, obtain five throat swabs (see Subheading 3.43.), collect approximately 1 mL of saliva (see Subheading 3.4.4.), and perform a nasal wash using PBS (see Subheading 3.4.5.). 

All tubes should be pre-labeled to prevent confusion during sample isolation. We also strongly recommend using color-coded tubes for each of the sample types isolated (red, blood yeUow, throat swab blue, saliva and white, nasal wash). 

Aqueous nasal drops as well as sprays are suitable for self administration. Viscous solutions are best avoided, as they make less contact with the nasal mucosa. To clear a congested nose the patient can also sniff a salt solution (half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of lukewarm water) four to six times a day. The benefit of the addition of sodium hydrogen carbonate for a so-called alkaline nasal wash has not been demonstrated [2]. 

Nasal drops and liquid nasal sprays are solutions, emulsions or suspensions intended for instillation or spraying into the nasal cavities. Nasal powders or nasal insufflation powders are intended for insufflation into the nasal cavity by means of a suitable device. The size of the particles are such as to localise their deposition in the nasal cavity. In nasal sticks and so-called inhalation ointments mostly volatile active substances are formulated in a fatty base. Nasal washes are generally aqueous iso-osmotic solutions intended to cleanse the nasal cavity. If they are intended for application on injured parts of the mucosa, or prior to a surgical operation, they have to be sterile. Nasal powders and nasal sticks are not very common in pharmacy practice. Therefore they are not discussed in this chapter. 

Compound Powder of Borax for Nasal Wash, B.P,C, Equal parts of borax, sodium bicarbonate, sucrose and sodium chloride. The ingredients can be estimated in the following way ... 

Compound Powder of Borax for Nasal Wash, B.P.C.y Volhard... 

BBD Microspheres 1.94-5.21 pm Chitosan (MW 10 kDa DD 80.4% Jakwang) Pluronic F127 Mice Induction of IgG and IgA levels in scmim, saliva and nasal wash Significant TNF-a values [79]... 

BBD Microspheres 5-6 pm Water-soluble chitosan (MW 100 kDa DD 95.4% Sunchon National University) Mannosylated chitosan Female mice Induction of IgG and IgA levels in serum, saliva and nasal wash [80]... 

Induction of IgG levels in serum and [87] IgA levels in nasal wash... 

Bascom R, Pipkom U, Lichtenstein LM, Naclerio RM. The influx of inflammatory cells into nasal washings during late response to antigen challenge effect of corticosteroid pretreatment. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988 138 406-412. 

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