Nasal vaccine delivery

TABLE 5 Nasal Vaccination Delivery Systems Studied ... 

Biesterveld, N. (2002), Nasal vaccine delivery, vaccine delivery adjuvants, Merck Company, West Point, PA, a Literature review submitted to the Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Aug. 2002. 

The use of dry powder formulations in nasal vaccine delivery has been extensively reviewed elsewhere [15-18], The association of vaccines to some of the par-... 

Its biodegradability and low toxicity in humans have aided the recent increased interest in chitosan as an immunopotentiating agent. In vivo studies have demonstrated that chitosan powder and solution formulations are able to enhance the systemic and mucosal immune responses after nasal vaccine delivery [19, 22, 76],... 

Koping-Hoggard M, Sanchez A, Alonso M J (2005). Nanoparticles as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery. Expert Rev. Vacc. 4 185-196. 

PLA microparticles coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG-PLA) have been studied as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery. They are more stable compared with PLA microparticles and generate increasing and long-lasting immune response [59]. 

Vila, A., Sinchez, A., Janes, K. et al. 2004. Low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles as new carriers for nasal vaccine delivery in mice. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 57 123-131. 

CC-Emul and the smaller-size (0.4 microm) NP ate Nagamoto effective for targeting to nasal-assodated lymphoid et al. (2004) tissues (NALTs) in nasal vaccine delivery... 

Davis, S. 2001. Nasal vaccines. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 51, 21-42. 

Davis, S. (2001). Nasal vaccines. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 51, 21M2. 

A number of adjuvants are awaiting approval for human use. The main impediment to the successful development of vaccine adjuvants is that their mechanism of action is not clearly understood. Table 5 offers a fist of available nasal drug delivery systems and the various adjuvants that have been used in the development of nasal vaccines. 

Ilium, L., and Davis, S. S. (2001), Nasal vaccination A non-invasive vaccine delivery method that holds great promise for the future, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 51,1-3. 

Several studies in animal models have been carried out to prepare chitosan microparticles-based vaccines against influenza, pertussis, and diphtheria. The nasal chitosan vaccine delivery system has been tested for vaccination against influenza in humans [56]. The results showed that it was both effective and protective according to the Committee for Proprietary Medical Products (CPMP) requirements. 

Read, R.C., Naylor, S.C., Potter, C.W. et al. 2005. Effective nasal influenza vaccine delivery using chitosan. Vaccine. 23 4367 374. 

Chitosan has proven to be an excellent vehicle for vaccine delivery through intranasal route. The mucoadhesiveness of chitosan helps in retaining the vaccine inside the nasal passage and the tight endothelial cell junctions get opened up for paracellular transport of vaccine [147,148]. 

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