Drug delivery systems nasal

Wu J, Wei W, Wang LY, Su ZG, Ma GH (2007) A thermosensitive hydrogel based on quatemized chitosan and polyethylene glycol) for nasal drug delivery system. Biomaterials 28 2220-2232. 

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Carbopol resins also have been used in controlled-release dosage forms. Especially, the resins Noven AA-1 USP and Carbopol 934P NF are being extensively developed in bioadhesive drug delivery systems for topical, bucal or nasal, ocular, and rectal applications (e.g., Fentanyl ). Noven CA-1 USP and CA-2 USP are used as oral laxative and antidiarrheal products in swallowable and chewable tablets. 

Both the type of drug delivery system and the specific type of delivery device can affect drug absorption via the nasal route. The choice of delivery system depends mainly on the physiochemical properties of the drug, its desired site of action, and, more importantly, patient compliance and marketing aspects. The formulations most commonly used in nasal delivery are solutions, suspensions, gels, dry powders, and, most recently, nanoparticulate formulations. 

A number of adjuvants are awaiting approval for human use. The main impediment to the successful development of vaccine adjuvants is that their mechanism of action is not clearly understood. Table 5 offers a fist of available nasal drug delivery systems and the various adjuvants that have been used in the development of nasal vaccines. 

Ilium, L. (1999), Bioadhesive formulations for nasal peptide delivery, in Mathiowitz, E., Chickering, D. E., and Lehr, C.-M., Eds., Bioadhesive Drug Delivery Systems, Fundamentals, Novel Approaches and Development, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 507-539. 

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Developing an appropriate drug delivery system for a given drug can completely alter the drug s unfavorable properties, such as improve its effectiveness or reduce its side effects. Dry powder delivery systems such as microspheres are of special interest. In the last two decades they have been extensively studied with respect to nasal delivery and a considerable number of studies have been reported on that subject [3,23],... 

Gelatin Microspheres Several studies characterizing gelatin microspheres as a nasal drug delivery system have been reported. Gelatin microspheres were shown... 

Pereswetoff-Morath, L. (1998), Microspheres as nasal drug delivery systems, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 29,185-194. 

Ishikawa, F., Murano, M., Hiraishi, M., Yamaguchi, T., Tamai, I., and Tsuji, A. (2002), Insoluble powder formulation as an effective nasal drug delivery system, Pharm. Res., 19,1097-1104. 

Pereswetoff-Morath, L., Bjurstrom, S., Khan, R., Dahlin, M., and Edman, P. (1995), Toxicological aspects of the use of dextran microspheres and thermogelling ethyl(hydroxyethyl) cellulose (EHEC) as nasal drug delivery systems, Int. J. Pharm., 128, 9-21. 

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