Nanostructured particle templates

Reaction Vessels Assembled by the Sequential Adsorption of Polymers 4.2.1 Microreactors from Nanostructured Particle Templates... 

The ATRP technique has also been recently reported to be effective in aqueous media using hydrophiHc water-soluble aca ylic monomers [177]. Finally, it should be mentioned that hollow polymeric mica ospheres have been produced through ATRP by templating silica mica ospheres with PBzMA, and subsequently removing the core by chemical etching [178]. These studies illustrate the potential of graft polymerizations in the production of nanostructured particles. 

In addition to chemical or physical properties, a fascinating aspect of fullerene related materials is their central empty space, where atoms, molecules or particles can be enclosed. The enclosed particles are then protected by the robust graphitic layers from chemical or mechanical effects. The very long cavities of CNTs have a special potential due to their high aspect ratio and they can be used as templates to fabricate elongated nanostructures. 

Oxide surfaces, and in particular oxide films, are versatile substrates for the preparation of model catalysts. Quite a few of these systems show nanoscale reconstructions, which can be employed as templates for the growth of ordered model catalysts of reduced complexity. In order to efficiently control the growth of nanostructured metal particle arrays, two conditions have to be met. First, the template must provide sites of high interaction energy that trap the deposited metals. Second, the kinetics of the growth process must be carefully controlled by choosing... 

Suzuki, D. Kawaguchi, H., Modification of gold nanoparticle composite nanostructures using thermosensitive core shell particles as a template, Langmuir. 2005, 21, 8175 8179... 

Among various preparation techniques of metal/alloy particles on the nanometre scale, the templating synthesis using microporous materials as microreactors is one of the promising methods [7, 10, 11]. Uniform void spaces of porous hosts work to synthesize nanostructured metal/aUoy particles as a guest, which are... 

We could show that the modification of transition metal alkoxides is a versatile tool to adjust the reactivity of precursors for the needs in lyotropic crystalline templating processes. In case of high surfactant concentrations where the liquid crystalline template is formed prior to the addition of the precursor the use of a modifier may become unnecessary. The synthesis of nanostructured rhenium dioxide and the utilization of MTO as precursor for this purpose clearly shows that in some cases the use of unusual specialized compounds is imperative. First promising results in the synthesis of nanostructured chromium oxide surfactant composites have been displayed although hydrolysis of the precursor seems to be still uncompleted within the nanostructure. The possibility of tailoring the d-values in a desired way besides the synthesis of certain particle morphologies encourages for further work in the future. 

A substrate functionalized with proper molecules can be used to anchor particles on its surface via surface exchange reaction, leading to controlled assembly of the particles. This self-assembly technique is known as molecule-mediated self-assembly and is commonly used for constructing various composite nanostructures [49-55]. Due to their excellent adhesion capability to various substrates, multifunctional polymers are routinely applied as templates to mediate the assembly of the particles. The assembly is carried out as follows a substrate is immersed into a polymer solution, and then rinsed, leading to a functionalized substrate. Subsequently, this substrate is dipped into the nanoparticle dispersion and then rinsed, leaving one layer of nanoparticles on the substrate surface. By repeating this simple two-step process in a cyclic fashion, a layer-by-layer assembled poly-mer/nanoparticle multilayer can be obtained. 

There are many potential applications of such 3D polymer nanostructures. Multilayered structure with varied grating periods can be used as size-controlled filters in microfluidics to select and separate particles of different sizes. Another potential application is to fabricate periodic 3D polymer structures and infiltrate the polymer template with high refractive index inorganic... 

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