Nanoscaled applications

TIRE-LII has been found to be a powerful tool for the characterization of nanoscaled particles for basic studies on particle formation and for the investigation of technical nanoparticle applications in mechanical and chemical engineering. 

On the other hand, imique physical properties and potential applications of nanoscaled lanthanide-doped LaFa have been discussed in many reports. For instance, van Veggel et al. reported the bright white light through up-conversion of a single near-infrared source by thin film of LaFaiYb, Eu /Er /Tm NPs (Figure 65) (Sivakumar et al., 2005). And the silica films with (Er +, Nd +, and Ho ) doped LaFs NPs possessed the visible white luminescence (Sudarsan et al., 2005). 

Product quality and application characteristics of nanoscaled solids depend strongly on size distribution and morphology, so that the degree of aggregation defined by the size and number of primary particles. In flame reactors, within a few milliseconds during the early stages of the synthesis process, chemical reaction of the precursor... 

ZnO is being regarded as one of the important metal oxide semiconductors for future applications. Since its chemical and physical properties are highly dependent on composition and shape (defects), reliable methods are necessary to ensure control over the latter. The heterocubane (MeZnO Pr)4 was shown to be a suitable organometallic precursor for gas-phase CVS and solid-state synthesis of nanoscaled Interestingly, highly... 

This chapter focuses mainly on the author s own contributions in the area of aqueous nanoscaled transition metal oxides. Specifically, the preparation in high concentration and application of aqueous colloids comprising metal oxide and mixed metal oxide nanopartides will be described. The chapter begins with a short overview of the author s earlier work on methods for size- and shape-selective preparation of transition metal (zerovalent) colloids, because this led to the development of simple and practical ways to prepare the corresponding aqueous transition metal oxide coUoids. 

Also aiming at biomedical applications are nanoscaled hydrogels, prepared in inverse miniemulsion. In crosslinked poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate) (POEOMA) nanogels hydrophilic dyes as the polymeric dye (rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC) dextran) [41], rhodamine in combination with the drug doxorubicin [42] or gold nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin [43] could be encapsulated. 

Beier, J. R, Kneser, U., Horch, R. E., Detsch, R., Boccaccini, A. R., and Arkudas, A. (2014). In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of alginate dialdehyde/gelatin hydrogels with and without nanoscaled bioactive glass for bone tissue engineering applications, 7,1957-1974. 

The extraordinary photocatalytic performance of AEROXIDE TiOj P 25 in comparison to other nanoscaled titania particles has been published in several papers It is, for example, useful in the degradation of humic acid [71], of phenol and salicylic acid [72], of l,4dichlorobenzene [73], and in the photocatalytic reduction of Hg(II) [74]. It is also used in the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes [75] or in the photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate [76]. Its use in cement can help reduce environmental pollution [77, 78]. A detailed study is reported by Bolte [79]. The results show that crystal size and filling ratio in mass are more important than the modification of the titania. Pyrogenic titania is not only useful in photocatalysis but also in other catalytic applications. 

The use of nanocomposites for biomedical and clinical applications requires the selection of the appropriate biopolymer matrix, since it can have a profound impact on the quality of the newly formed tissue. Given that few biomaterials possess all the necessary characteristics for such application, researchers have pursued the development of hybrid or composite biomaterials to get synergies from the beneficial properties of multiple materials. The combination of biopolymers with nanostructured materials, including the use of nanoparticles, nanofibres and other nanoscaled features, has demonstrated the ability to enhance cellular interaction, to encourage integration into host tissue and to provide tunable material properties and degradation kinetics. Materials with nanometre scaled dimensions, also known as nanophase or nanostructured materials, can be used to produce nanometre features on the surface of three-dimensional substrates for scaffolds. 

Addition of Si02 NPs into electrospim fibers was found to change fiber surface topography and roughness by creating wrinkles and nanoscaled protrusions on the surface of the nanofibers. Such fibers can find useful application as air filtration media with improved performances [15]. 

Abstract This review is dedicated to nanohybrid materials consisting of a polymer-based matrix and a disperse nanoscaled ceramic phase. Different preparation techniques for the synthesis of polymer-ceramic nanohybrid materials will be presented, such as blending techniques, sol-gel processing, in-situ polymeriza-ti(Mi, and self-assembly methods. Selected structural and functional properties of polymer-ceramic nanohybrid materials will be highlighted and discussed within the context of their dependence on parameters such as the homogeneity of the dispersion of the ceramic throughout the polymer matrix, the particle size of the ceramic phase, and the polymer-ceramic interface. Moreover, some advanced applications of polymer-ceramic nanohybrid materials will be addressed and compared with their polymeric counterparts. 

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