Nanoparticles oral delivery

Lin YH, Sonaje K, Lin KM et al (2008) Multi-ion-crosslinked nanoparticles with pH-responsive characteristics for oral delivery of protein drugs. J Control Release 132 141-149... 

Jung, T., Kamm, W., Breitenbach, A., Kaiserling, E., Xiao, J.X., Kissel, T., Biodegradable nanoparticles for oral delivery of peptides Is there a role for polymers to affect mucosal uptake Eur J Pharm Biopharm 50, 147-160 (2000). 

Besides parenteral application of microspheres and nanoparticles for cell selective delivery of drugs, they have more recently been studied for their application in oral delivery of peptides and peptidomimetics [30]. Immunological tolerance induction against beta-lac-toglobulin could be achieved by application of this protein in a poly-lactic-glycolide microsphere formulation [31]. 

Cui, F., Shi, K., Zhang, L., Tao, A., Kawashima, Y. (2006). Biodegradable nanoparticles loaded with insulin-phospholipid complex for oral delivery preparation, in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation. Journal of Controlled Release, 114, 242-250. 

Bhardwaj, V., Hariharan, S., Bala, I., Lamprecht, A., Kumar, N., Panchagnula, R., Kumar, M.N.V.R. (2005). Pharmaceutical aspects of polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 1, 235-258. 

Sakuma, S., Suzuki, N., Sudo, R., Hiwatari, K.-I., Kishida, A., Akashi, M. (2002). Optimized chemical structure of nanoparticles as carriers for oral delivery of salmon calcitonin. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 239, 185-195. 

Herein, various barriers to oral delivery of macromolecular drugs will be discussed in brief, after which carrier-mediated delivery systems on the basis of chemical modification of the drugs and particulate drug carriers (e.g., nanoparticles, microcapsules, and liposomes) will be introduced as representative of promising approaches currently being investigated. 

Bowman, K., R. Sarkar, et al. (2008). Gene transfer to hemophilia A mice via oral delivery of FVIII-chitosan nanoparticles. J Control Release. 

Galindo-Rodriguez, S. A., E. Allemann, et al. (2005). Polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery of drugs and vaccines a critical evaluation of in vivo studies. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 22(5) 419-64. 

Mi, F. L., Y. Y. Wu, et al. (2008). Oral delivery of peptide drugs using nanoparticles self-assembled by poly(gamma-glutamic acid) and a chitosan derivative functionalized by trimethylation. Bioconjug Chem 19(6) 1248-55. 

Nanoparticles were first developed around 1970 and are defined as solid colloidal particles, less then 1 pm in size, that consist of macromolecular compounds. They were initially devised as carriers for vaccines and anticancer drugs [11]. The use of nanoparticles for ophthalmic and oral delivery was also investigated [12]. Drugs or other biologically active molecules are dissolved, entrapped, or... 

The second major obstacle of the oral delivery of proteins is the low permeability of proteins in the intestinal epithelium. The uptake of proteins is mediated by passive diffusion across the enterocytes (transcellular diffusion), paracellular diffusion (through intercellular spaces) and mostly by transcytosis (facilitated by receptor-mediated endocytosis). Erodible microcapsules and nanoparticles were shown to be absorbed intact through the GI tract and have opened the pos-... 

Bodmeier R, Chen H, Paeratakul O (1989) A novel approach to the oral delivery of micro- or nanoparticles. Pharm Res 6 413-417... 

Garcia-Fuentes, M., Torres, D., and Alonso, M. J. (2002), Design of lipid nanoparticles for the oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules, Coll. Surf. B Biointerf., 27,... 

Win, K.Y. Feng, S.S. Effects of particle size and surface coating on cellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery of anticancer drugs. Biomaterials 2005, 26, 2713-2722. 

The synthesis of polyacrylic acid nanoparticles from inverse microemulsions has also been described in the literature. Polyacrylic acid is a well-known bioadhesive agent. Hence, polyacrylic acid nanoparticles loaded with the drug would have enhanced bioavailability and controlled release characteristics. The synthesis of timolol maleate and bri-monidine nanoparticles for improved ocular and oral delivery has been reported [153, 154]. 

Roy K, Mao HQ, Huang SK, Leong KW. Oral delivery with chit-osan-DNA nanoparticles generates immunologic protection in murine model of peanut allergy. Nat Med 1999 5 387-391. 

Sonaje K, Italia JL, Sharma G, Bhardwaj V, Tikoo K, Kumar MNVR. Development of biodegradable nanoparticles for oral delivery of ellagic acid and evaluation of their antioxidant efficacy against cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Pharm Res. 2007 24(5) 899-908. 

Chalasani, K.B. Russell-Jones, G.J. Jain, A.K. Diwan, P.V. Jain, S.K. Effective oral delivery of insulin in animal models using vitamin B12-coated dextran nanoparticles. 7. Contr. Release 2007,122 (2), 141-150. 

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