Nanoparticles intravenous delivery

Fig. 3.6 Nanoparticle siRNA delivery for tumor treatment, a N2Atumor-beaiing mice received a single intravenous injection of 40 mg pLuc in RPP-nanoplexes only, with control siRNA or with Luc-specific siRNA. 24 h following administration, tissues were assayed for luciferase activity (n = 5). b Mice were inoculated withN2Atumor cells and left untreated (open squares) or treated every 3 days by tail vein injection with RPP-nanoplexes with control siRNA or VEGF R2-spedflc siRNA at a dose of 40 mg per mouse. Treatment was started when the tumors became palpable (>20mm ). Only VEGF R2-sequence-speciflc siRNA inhibited tumor growth, whereas treatment with control siRNA did not affect tumor growth rate when compared with untreated controls n = 5)...

Williams, J. Lansdown, R. Sweitzer, R. Romanowski, M. LaBell, R. Ramaswami, R. Unger, E. Nanoparticle drug delivery system for intravenous delivery of topoisomerase inhibitors. J. Control. Release 2003, 91, 167-172. 

Chittimalla C, Zammut-ltaliano L, Zuber G, et al. (2005). Monomolecular DNA nanoparticles for intravenous delivery of genes. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 127 11436-11441. 

Cationic lipids and cationic polymers are designed as gene delivery systems on the nanoscale. Especially chitosan is under focus as a biodegradable, natural biopolymer, used both as the polyplex and also as a coating material for other polyplexes. Chitosan-coated poly(isohexyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles have also been developed for intravenous delivery of siRNA and no evidence of toxicity was observed after intravenous administration for 30... 

Pille, J. Y, Li, H., Blot, E. et al. 2006. Intravenous delivery of anti-Rho A small interfering RNA loaded in nanoparticles of chitosan in mice Safety and efficacy in xenografted aggressive breast cancer. Hum. GeneTher. 17 1019-1026. 

Sarparanta M, Bimbo LM, Rytkonen J, Maldla E, Laaksonen TJ, Laaksonen P, Nyman M, Salonen J, Linder MB, Hirvonen J, Santos HA, Airaksinen AJ (2012) Intravenous delivery of hydrophobin-functionalized porous silicon nanoparticles stabihfy, plasma protein adsorption and biodistribution. Mol Pharm 9(3) 654-663. doi 10.1021/mp200611d... 

Administration route 1 Bioactive 1 Biocompatibility 1 Biodegradable porous silicon 1 Bioresorbable property 1 Composite structures 5 Degradation products 5 Drug delivery 1 In vitro drug 2 In vivo drug 2 Intravenous delivery 4 Intravitreal delivery 4 Microparticles 1 Nanoparticles 1 Oral delivery 2 Peptide 3... 

Attempts have been made to manufacture particles on the nanometer scale for applications such as controlled release and intravenous delivery systems. A comparison evaluating the processability and solid dosage performance of spray-dried nanoparticles and microparticles was conducted (41). In this study, nanoparticle suspensions were prepared by wet comminution in the presence of stabilizers, converted into dried particles using a spray-drying process and subsequently compressed. Compacts prepared from microparticles and nanoparticles were found to differ in their internal structure and micromechanical deformations. 

Technological advances in both biotechnology and molecular biology have yielded a surge in the number of new chemical entities that are produced to treat specific diseases or ailments. However, a growing portion of these new chemical entities display poor aqueous solubility, leading to poor oral bioavailability and an inability to form intravenous formulations. Nanoparticle formation has been proposed and utilized as a method to improve oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs and as a method for delivery of particles via parenteral, pulmonary, and topical administration. 

Parenteral is defined as situated or occurring outside the intestine, and especially introduced otherwise than by way of the intestines —pertaining to essentially any administration route other than enteral. This field is obviously too broad for an adequate focus in one book, let alone one chapter. Many have nonetheless used the term synonymously with injectable drug delivery. We restrict ourselves to this latter usage. This would thus include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intrathecal, and subdural injection. In this chapter we discuss the theoretical and practical aspects of solubilizing small molecules for injectable formulation development and will examine the role of surfactants and other excipients in more recent parenteral delivery systems such as liposomes, solid-drug nanoparticles and particulate carriers. 

Lu W, Sun Q, Wan J, et al. Cationic albumin-conjugated pegylated nanoparticles allow gene delivery into brain tumors via intravenous administration. Cancer Res 2006 66 11878-11887. 

Therefore, alternative carrier substances have been investigated in recent years. Among them, lipidic materials have garnered growing attention. Successful peptide or protein incorporation and delivery has been reported for liposomes [7], multi-vesicular liposome preparations [8], cubic phase gels [9], hollow lipid microparticles [10], hollow lipid microcylinders [11], microparticles [12,13], and sohd lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for intravenous applications [14,15],... 

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