Nanoparticle morphology

Keywords green synthesis, sunlight, TMO nanoparticles, morphology, dyes removal. 

Keywords SnC>2, nanoparticles, morphology, crystallography, photo-catalytic activity. 

J. H. He, I. Ichinose, T. Kunitake, A. Nakao, Y. Shiraishi, and N. Toshima, Facile fabrication of Ag-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles inultrathin Ti02-gel films Nanoparticle morphology and catalytic activity, /. Am. Chem. Soc. 125(36), 11034-11040 (2003). 

Dependence of Nanoparticles Morphology and Behavior in Electron Transfer Processes on the Mean of Metal Nanophase Deposition onto Semiconductor Surface... 

Champion et al. (2003) Dilatometry, TEM CuO Reductive sintering of nanoparticles, morphology control + + + Stoichiometric reduction of oxide... 

Recently, Akashi and coworkers [153, 154] synthesized novel spherical particles on which nano-projections are uniformly distributed over the whole surface like confetti by the one-step dispersion terpolymerization of acrylonitrile, styrene, and the PEO macromonomer 9a in ethanol/water media. The control of nanoparticle morphology by a one-step synthetic procedure is important to self-organization at the polymer chain level, which is a basis for the formation of biological nanoconstructs such as viruses and organelles. 

More complex model reactions (selective butadiene hydrogenation) Apart from being accessible to surface spectroscopy, model catalysts also have the advantage that the nanoparticle morphology and surface structure can be accurately measured. This advantage allows the determination of the relative abundance of specific surface sites and calculation of surface site statistics, as shown, for example, in Table II. Knowledge of the exact number and type of available surface sites then allows calculation of more accurate (and perhaps more meaningful) turnover frequencies of catalytic reactions. 

Plants display a well known ability to bio-remediate heavy metals, and as a consequence have been used for nanoparticle synthesis. Presently, Gardea-Torresdey etal. demonstrated the first living plant system (Medicago sativa alfalfa plant) to bio-reduce Au + into corresponding An nanoparticles. In addition to the bio-reduction of gold, live alfalfa plants have exhibited reduction activity with silver, whereby exposure to silver containing media results in reduction to Ag , followed by absorption and uptake by the roots system, and finally translocation to the shoots as silver nanoparticles. TEM analysis shows mainly spherical nanoparticle morphologies with diameters of 2 20 nm. 

Clear relationship - Low Mw chitosan 2D chains between - Medium molecular weight chitosan single nanoparticles morphology and - High molecular weight chitosan nanoplates molecular weight... 

To optimize local enhancement of the electric field we need to minimize all damping as much as possible and the suitability of certain nanoparticle morphologies for MEF by increased excitation of fluorophores can be estimated from measurements of the homogeneous line width of individual nanoparticles. For example, a series of expoiments comparing nanospheres and nanorods (see Figure 11.14) has shown that nanorods typically display dramatically reduced plasmon damping compared to spheres, i.e. narrower line vridths [34], and therefore produce a stronger field enhancement. 

It would be both interesting and useful to know what might be the largest enhancement of photoluminescence that one could observe if we could achieve optimal engineering of the metal nanoparticle morphology for a given luminophore. 

FIGURE 26.6 Nanoparticle morphology. Malvern 4700 dynamic light-scattering apparatus average particle size analyzed by SEM and light scattering. 

The control of nanoparticle morphology becomes a very important aspect, since morphology profoundly influences the material performance. As a longterm goal the development of synthesis schemes able to control particle size, shapes, and composition independently from one another is very important, in order to allow tuning of nanocomposite properties. 

Considering the effect of nanoparticle morphology on ER effect, well-organized coaxial cable-like titania-coated PANI (PANI titania) nanofibers... 

Yanyan X., Shuang Y, Guoying Z., Yaqiu S., Dongzhao G. and Yuxiu S. (2011). Uniform hematite a-Fe Oj nanoparticles Morphology, size-controlled hydrothermal synthesis and formation mechanism. Mater Lett, 65( 12), 1911 -1914. 

Beyond the investigations with thin films, the study with nanodendritic materials suggest that nanoparticle morphology is responsible for the significant improvement of electrocatalytic activities toward the FAO mainly because PtPbnano-dendrites could expose preferential crystalline planes from the intermetallic phase evolution from a Pt-based face-centered cubic to a PtPb hexagonal [114]. With respect to the fractal dimension of the dendritic surface, an improvement of surface area could be achieved. 

OT or AOT (sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate) aerosols were the most studied systems suitable for the synthesis of nanoparticle magnetic materials [181, 182]. Other systems, such as acetyluimethylammonia bromide [183], sodium dodecyl sulfate [184], and polyethoxylate [185] were used for synthesis to optimize the nanoparticles morphology and chemical parameters of the process. Many of the reactions in micelles are similar to those in large volumes, but with the difference that allows to control the nanoparticles morphology due to the surfactant presence. 

Table 1 provides a siunmaiy of the wealth of experimental techniques utilized in the study of catalysts, which allow for the investigation of nanoparticle morphology, nanoparticle shape and / or adsorption at the atomic level. 

A natural offshoot of the nanotechnology connection articulated in Section 2.1 is the capability of the FRRPP process in generating nanoscale polymers. It has been mentioned in the literature that size scale of nanoparticles for medical applications have been at least 10 nm in size. Based on the results indicated in Section 2.1, FRRPP-based nanoparticles can go down to 1 nm thus, these materials can easily find uses in medical applications, especially if they are the multifunctional type. Still, the author will classify this type of nanoparticle morphology as homogeneous. They could be made up of homopolymers, statistical copolymers, and even block copolymers with surface functionalities for attaching or binding with various bioactive agents. 

---