Connection to Nanotechnology

The field of nanotechnology has captured the imagination of scientists, engineers, and policy makers, as a means of obtaining biology-based organization and self-assembly in application areas that are relevant to current and future technologies. 

Ceineba, in Free-Radical Retrograde-Precipitation Polymerization (FRRPP), 

Based on a variety of experimental results, it seems that the FRRPP process is one of those nanoscale processes that involve transport and chemical reaction processes. Even though the analysis of the FRRPP process is still based on continuum concepts, at least it is now possible to show that it is a nanotechnology, if not, a nanoscience 

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Starting from the synthesis of stereoregular and optically active polymers, we reached the idea that inclusion polymerization constitutes one of supramolecular chemistry from a viewpoint of the space effects. Now such a study might be connected to nanotechnology, because the polymerization can produce molecular composite materials, such as molecular wires layers, and so on. The bottom-up technology would be constructed through various... 

A more detailed analysis of these fluctuations shows, however, that there often exist some periodicities in this behaviour which in some cases can be understood as shell closings, geometric [63] or electronic [64], with the appearance of so-called magic numbers . Studies of clusters composed of a few hundred or up to thousands of atoms [65,66] also showed that the periodicity could be extended with the existence of a new type of shells known as supershells representing a transition from pure quantum phenomena towards the limit of large quantum numbers, where a correspondence should exist between classical and quantum motion [71,72]. We will also see how there will be connections to powder technology [50,57,58] and to the mesoscopic world of nanotechnology with a two-dimensioned electron gas [73-75]. In addition to these clusters characterized by shell structure also very unique species of carbon have been... 

The discovery that the properties of the clusters vary in particular for the smaller ones is also ln incentive to look for clusters of certain sizes for which the value of a certain property will fit in with some application. Studies of veirious properties of clusters have also given examples of how cluster science has connection to the traditionally known world of nanotechnology or the mesoscopic physics, where quantum interference will lead to deviations... 

An important idea that underpins much of nanotechnology is that by controlling composition, size, and structure at the nanoscale one can engineer almost any desired properties. This is particularly trae for NPs as demonstrated by their many varied technological apphcations. They also have considerable fundamental interest as one can study the emergence of bulk properties (i.e. electronic, chemical, stmctural, thermal, mechanical, and optical) as the number of atoms in the particle increases from one to many thousands. The aim of this chapter is to provide a broad introduction to NP systems, with particular attention paid to stmeture and its connection to various properties (so-called structure-property relationships). This chapter is divided into three main parts. First in Section 2.2, some general issues concerning the atomic structure of NPs and its dependence on various factors, such as particle size and the presence of a support, are discussed. Associated properties of NP systems, such as chemical... 

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