Nanoparticle injection particle size

Monoarticular arthritis was produced in the left knee joints of rabbits by using ovalbumin and Freund s complete adjuvant as antigen and adjuvant. Naproxen sodium nanoparticles that were smooth and spherical in shape with a particle size of approximately 5-9 pm were injected into the knee joints. A decrease in the arthritic to normal joints ratios was observed over time. The naproxen sodium nanoparticles were more efficacious than the free drug. 

A synthetization route, based on the principles applied to the synthesis and control of CdSe nanocrystals, was used [143], These authors discussed the synthesis of Co nanoparticles with high crystallinity, narrow particle size distribution and a high degree of shape control. The nanocrystals are produced by injecting an organometallic precursor (Co2(CO)s) into a hot (T 180°C) surfactant mixture (oleic acid and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO)) under an inert atmosphere. 

Preliminary experiments were conducted to calibrate the instrumentation used in this study and to determine the amount of particles needed for reliable detection. We used dilutions prepared from purchased silicon dioxide (SiO ) standards (Postnova Analytics) with a known particle size, 70 nm, and a starting concentration of 25 mg/ml of particles suspended in aqueous surfactant. With the available light scattering detector, reliable quantification of the standard could be obtained with as few as 7 x 10 particles per injected sample, which is equivalent to 25 pg of particle mass. Based on these data, our subsequent experimental work used tissue samples containing 1—2 mg of particles. Using particle aliquots greater than 40 times the limit of detection enabled robust quantification in the experiments to develop nanoparticle recovery protocols. 

Sato etal. [238] studied the mechanism of formation of silver halide particles grown from reverse microemulsions. In a typical process, aqueous solutions of either (a) silver nitrate or (b) a sodium salt, i.e. sodium chloride, bromide or iodide was injected into AOT/isooctane reverse micelles. When equal volumes of the two kinds of microemulsion were rapidly mixed at 25°C, particles started forming. The particle diameter was a function of the type of the anion, the w value as also reaction time. For AgBr, the maximum diameter was - 2.7 nm for Agl, it went up to 5.5 nm. Bagwe and Khilar [444] synthesized AgCl nanoparticles from AOT/ alkane (cyclohexane, heptane, decane) systems. The aqueous phases were solutions of silver nitrate or alkali/alkaline earth halides. The number average particle size was in the range of 4-10 nm. 

Figure 5.20 (A) Structures of AIE-active TPE unit modified traditional FBI dye and the polymer matrix DSPE-PEG2000 and DSPE-PEG5000-folate. (B) Photoluminescence properties of BTPEPBI in THF-water mixtures with different water fraction (, ) excited at 538 nm. (C) Particle size of the BTPEPBI-encapsulated organic nanoparticles. (D) In vitro cell imaging stained by BTPEPBI-NPO (left) and BTPEPBI-NP50 (right) for 2 h at 37 C (E) in vivo FL imaging of H22 tumor-bearing (red circle) mice after intravenous injection of BTPEPBI-NPO (left) and BTPEPBI-NP50 (right) respectively. Adapted from ref. 79 with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry.

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