Nanomechanical processes

This chapter will also describe new methods for exploring the micro- and nanomechanical processes of wear. Here, a surface deformation mechanics analysis will be shown where the surface strains associated with single asperity wear behavior can be determined and related to both pol5mier structural changes (e.g., orientation of crystallites) and to changes in mechanical properties of the surface deformed UHMWPE (orientation softening) when... 

One long-term objective of this research is to utilize the finest attributes associated with the worlds of both biological and synthetic materials to create nanomechanical systems powered by biological motors. Important fields of application include miniaturized (nanofluidic) analytical systems,131 molecular sorting,132 controlled adaptation of materials on a molecular to mesoscopic scale,133 and engineering lipid and polymer membrane systems with cellular processes.134... 

The series NanoScience and Technology is focused on the fascinating nano-world, mesoscopic physics, analysis with atomic resolution, nano and quantum-effect devices, nanomechanics and atomic-scale processes. AU the basic aspects and technology-oriented developments in this emerging discipline are covered by comprehensive and timely books. The series constitutes a siuvey of the relevant special topics, which are presented by leading experts in the field. These books will appeal to researchers, engineers, and advanced students. 

The working principle of the family of biosensors based on nanomechanical transducers, and specifically on microcantilevers, involves the translation of biochemical reactions into a mechanical movement in the nanometer range. In microcantilever sensors, the biochemical receptor layer is directly in contact with one of the cantilever surface. The biomolecular recognition process between the receptor layer and its corresponding analyte induce... 

The use of nanomechanical measurements is, of course, an alternative approach to that described in this paper for the chemical imaging of polymers. We beheve, however, that it is likely to be more prone to ambiguity, due to the dependence of mechanical properties on processing conditions. 

Dip-pen lithography, SAM, hot embossing, nanoimprint lithography, electron beam lithography, dry etching, and reactive ion etching are techniques that can be used to prepare nanostructures with 50-70 nm dimensions. Nanomechanical techniques include processes that involve local transfer of material from a tool onto a substrate when either the tool or the substrate is prestructured. 

Figure 1.1 Scheme of correlations between polymerization, molecular structure, morphology, processing conditions, and micro- or nanomechanical mechanisms of deformation and fracture depending on loading conditions, all of which determine the ultimate mechanical properties... 

Microbial cellulose derived from Acetobacter xylinum by fermentation process has been established to be a remarkably versatile biomaterial and can be used in wide variety of applied scientific endeavours, especially for medical devices. Due to its ultra-fine network architecture, high degree of crystallinity, hydrophilicity and moldability, microbial cellulose is a natural candidate for numerous medical and tissue-engineered apphcations. The use of direct nanomechanical measurement determined that these fibers are very strong, and when used in combination with other biocompatible materials, produce nanocomposites particularly suitable for use in human and veterinary... 

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