Nanolayered solids

Tolstoy, V. P. 1997. The peroxide route of the successive ionic layer deposition procedure for synthesizing nanolayers of metal oxides, hydroxides and peroxides. Thin Solid Films 307 10-13. 

Zhuchkov, B. S. Tolstoy, V. R Murin, I. V. 1997. Synthesis of ScF3, LaF3 nanolayers and nLaF3-mScF3 multinanolayers at the surface of silicon by successive ionic layer deposition method. Solid State Ionics 101-103 165-170. 

It is possible by the ML method to carry out chemical assembly step by step (monolayer by monolayer), by repeated surface reactions. The first nanolayers by the ML method were synthesized about 40 years ago in Saint-Petersburg Technological Institute at the Department of Chemistry of solids. There have been many publications in western countries detailing the analogs of the ML method, namely atomic layer epitaxy (ALE), and atomic layer deposition (ALD), since this techniques inception by Valentine Aleskovski and members of his science school. 

Firstly it can be used for obtaining layers with a thickness of several mono-layers to introduce and to distribute uniformly very low amounts of admixtures. This may be important for the surface of sorption and catalytic, polymeric, metal, composition and other materials. Secondly, the production of relatively thick layers, on the order of tens of nm. In this case a thickness of nanolayers is controlled with an accuracy of one monolayer. This can be important in the optimization of layer composition and thickness (for example when kernel pigments and fillers are produced). Thirdly the ML method can be used to influence the matrix surface and nanolayer phase transformation in core-shell systems. It can be used for example for intensification of chemical solid reactions, and in sintering of ceramic powders. Fourthly, the ML method can be used for the formation of multicomponent mono- and nanolayers to create surface nanostructures with uniformly varied thicknesses (for example optical applications), or with synergistic properties (for example flame retardants), or with a combination of various functions (polyfunctional coatings). Nanoelectronics can also utilize multicomponent mono- and nanolayers. 

Free nano continua or discontinua can be defined, also, as surface, line, and point elements, and as their combinations. Free surface elements are ideally composed of two nanolayers placed symmetrically each other (Figure 1.6). Such structures are ideal membranes and can be composed of solid materials, liquids, and even gasses. Ideal membranes exist in nature, e.g., bilipide cell membranes and black surfactant bubbles (Figure 1.7a and b). It is visible that both membranes are composed of only two molecular layers of asymmetric surface-active molecules, with hydrophilic ends placed outward (cell membranes) or inward (surfactant bubbles). Ideal membranes, composed... 

It should be noted that because the material is presented in such a manner, this monograph may serve as a handbook. It includes the theoretical foundations for the interaction of IR radiation with thin films, as well as the optimum conditions of measuring spectra of various systems, which are analyzed by computer experiments and illustrated by specific examples. Complementary to this, the basic literature devoted to the application of IR spectroscopy in the investigation of nanolayers of solids and interfaces is presented, and the necessary reference material for the interpretation of spectra is tabulated. Thus this book will be extremely useful for any laboratory employing IR spectroscopy, and for each industrial firm involved in the production of thin-film structures, as well as by final-year and postgraduate students specializing in the fields of optics, spectroscopy, or semiconductor technology. 

Barshilia, H. C., Prakash, M. S., Poojari, A. et al. 2004. Corrosion behavior of nanolayered TiN/NbN multilayer coatings prepared by reactive direct cmrent magnetron sputtering process. Thin Solid Films... 

Synthesis and processing of nanoparticles and related nanoprecmsor structmes, including clusters, aerosol and colloid particles, nanotubes, nanolayers, biological structures and self-assembled systems. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical and bio-selfassembly. 

Nanocomposites are made from two or more solid-phase materials, with at least one dimension in nanometers (1-100 nm). The solid phase can be amorphous, semicrystalline, grain, or a combination. The solid phase can also be organic, inorganic, or a combination. According to the size of the solid phase, nanocomposites generally include the following three types nanoparticles and nanopartide compounds (0-0 composites), nanoparticles and conventional bulk composites (0-3 composites), and composite nano films (0-2 composites). In addition, the nanolayered structure material is referred to as nanomaterial, and the multilayer nanocomposite made of different materials is also known as nanocomposite. 

S.K. Tien, J.G. Duh, Comparison of microstmcture and phase transformation for nanolayered CrN/AfN and TiN/AfN coatings at elevated temperatures in air environment. Thin Solid Films 515(3), 1097-1101 (2006)... 

Structures and Dynamics of Adsorbed Polymer Nanolayers on Planar Solids... 

This chapter is organized as follows In the next section, we introduce the well-established experimental approach used for our studies on the adsorbed polymer nanolayers formed at the polymer melt-solid interface. In Sect. 6.3, we describe the novel chain conformations of the adsorbed nanolayers composed of amorphous and semicrystaUine homopolymers. In addition, the molecular scale descriptions of the formation mechanism are presented. In Sect. 6.4, we focus on the unusual features of the adsorbed nanolayers and their profound impacts on various properties of supported polymer melt films and swollen films. New perspectives are followed by a brief conclusion. 

Motivated by these results, we aimed to reveal the detailed structures of the adsorbed layers developed at the polymer melt-solid interface. We used a PS as a model system and prepared the nanometer-thick adsorbed layers ( adsorbed nanolayers ) on HF-etched Si substrates using the established approach spin-cast PS films 50 nm in thickness) prepared on cleaned HF-etched Si substrates were first annealed at T = 150 °C for a long period of time (r n up to 1(X) h) and then solvent leached with toluene at room temperature. The adsorbed nanolayers were further dried under vacuum at T = 150 °C to remove any excess solvent trapped in the films. Synchrotron X-ray reflectivily (XR) in conjunction with a Fourier transformation (FT) method, a powerfiil tool was used to obtain detailed stractures for low X-ray contrast polymer multilayers [61, 62]. 

Jiang, N., Shang, J., Di, X., Endoh, M.K., Koga, T. Formation mechanism of high-density, flattened polymer nanolayers adsorbed on planar solids. Macromolecules 47(8), 2682-2689 (2014)... 

Tok] Tokoro, H., Fujii, S., Oku, T., Iron Fine Particles Coated With Boron Nitride Nanolayers Synthesized by a Solid Phase Reaction , Diamond Related Mater., 13(4-8), 1139-1143... 

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