Nanocontainers

Encapsulation in nanocontainers, which crack under pressure and set free an enclosed substance. This includes adhesives that become effective under pressure, or perfume that is freed upon rubbing. 

T. Dutta, H. B. Agashe, M. Garg, P. Balasubramanium, M. Kabra, and N. K. Jain, Poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer based nanocontainers for targeting of efavirenz to human monocytes/macrophages in vitro, J. Drug. Target., 15 (2007) 89-98. 

Savic R, Luo LB, Eisenberg A, May singer D (2003) Micellar nanocontainers distribute to defined cytoplasmic organelles. Science 300 615-618. 

In contrast to the extensive exploitation of the trapped aqueous volume of the liposomes that serves as nanocontainer for water-soluble molecules, the phospholipid bilayer has not been given the same attention for its use as carrier matrix for lipophilic drugs. An exploratory survey of the number of cited literature references in Medline performed in February 2005 gave the following result. With the general keywords drug and... 

Vutukuri DR, Basu S, Thayumanavan S. Dendrimers with both polar and apolar nanocontainer characteristics. J Am Chem Soc 2004 126 15636-15637. 

Semenova M.G., Belyakova, L.E., Polikarpov, Yu.N., Antipova, A.S., Anokhina, M.S. (2008). Utilization of sodium caseinate nanoparticles as molecular nanocontainers for delivery of bioactive lipids to food systems relationship to the retention and controlled release of phospholipids in the simulated digestion conditions. In Williams, P.A., Phillips, G.O. (Eds). Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry 14, Cambridge, UK Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 326-333. 

The variety of materials which can be incorporated into polyelectrolyte multilayers makes them attractive to use as biosensors [431], Polyelectrolyte multilayers can also be formed on curved surfaces of small particles [432], After adsorption, the core particle can be chemically dissolved and a hollow polyelectrolyte capsule remains. These capsules are selectively permeable for small molecules like water or certain dyes. The permeability can be tuned externally by varying the ion strength, pH, temperature and solvent nature [433 135], Therefore, it has been suggested to use them as selective membranes for separation, as well as a possible drug delivery system. The adjustment of their size and permeability allows us to exploit them as micro- or nanocontainers for chemical synthesis and crystallization. 

Fig. 8 Concept of simultaneous microbe repulsion and biocide release of a specifically designed network. The network is composed of poly(2-hydroxyethylacrylate) crosslinked with polyethyleneimine and surface-grafted with polyethylene glycol. The polyethyleneimine junctions take up silver ions, which then form nanoparticles due to the template character of these nanocontainers. Reproduced and adapted from [90]...

Mesoporous Materials with Inorganic Hosts. 83 Nanoscopic voids surrounded only by a comparatively thin layer of hybrid material are often referred to as nanocontainers. Intensive research on these hybrid analogs of micelles or vesicles has already accomplished rather sophisticated functions as presented in Chapter 22. 

Emerging Concepts in Interfacial Chemistry of Hybrid Materials Nanocontainer-Based Self-Healing Coatings... 

Figure 22.1 Schematic illustration of the operation of nanocontainer-based coatings.

Mesoporous Particles with Polyelectrolyte Shell as Nanocontainers for Inhibitors... 

Figure 22.2 Scanning vibrating electrode (SVET) measurements of the ionic currents above the surface of the inhibitor-free SiOx ZrOx hybrid film (a) to (c) and of the SiOx ZrOx hybrid film with inhibitor-loaded Si02 nanocontainers (d) to (f). (a, d) at the beginning (b, e) after 42 hours of corrosion (c, f) after 60 hours. Scale units p,A cm 2, spatial resolution 150 pm. Solution 0.1 M NaCl.

An additional experiment was performed for the two films that stayed intact during the experiments described in the previous paragraph in order to provide evidence of the self-healing effect of nanoreservoirs added to the coating. The nondoped and the nanocontainer-doped sol-gel films were removed from the NaCl bath after the above indicated storage period, defects were made artificially into the films in order to... 

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