Nanocomposites nanoparticles, dispersion

Noble metal nanoparticles dispersed in insulating matrices have attracted the interest of many researchers fromboth applied and theoretical points of view [34]. The incorporation of metallic nanoparticles into easily processable polymer matrices offers a pathway for better exploitation of their characteristic optical, electronic and catalytic properties. On the other hand, the host polymers can influence the growth and spatial arrangement of the nanoparticles during the in situ synthesis, which makes them convenient templates for the preparation of nanoparticles of different morphologies. Furthermore, by selecting the polymer with certain favorable properties such as biocompatibiHty [35], conductivity [36] or photoluminescence [37], it is possible to obtain the nanocomposite materials for various technological purposes. 

It is necessary to disperse the nanomaterials in the best possible manner, especially those layered structures such as graphite, graphene or clays. It is important to obtain very thin (ca. one nanometer) and very wide (ca. 500 nanometers) nanostructures dispersed in the polymer matrices to achieve optimal gas permeability and to improve their mechanical properties without affecting structural quality, using a small amount of the nanomaterial. The particle orientation also has an important effect on the properties of the nanocomposite. Nanoparticles need to be dispersed within the polymer so that are parallel to the material s surface. This condition ensures a maximum tor-... 

In Polymer-Functionalized Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites. EFTEM was used to evaluate me covalent bonding of polymer coating on nanoparticles and the nanoparticle dispersion, as in a polycarbonate/alumina nanocomposite [120]. 

Layered composite films can be directly prepared by alternate deposition or vacuum filtration of the mixed dispersions of both components. For instance, PANl/Prussian blue composite films have been fabricated using layer-by-layer assembly of the polycation PANI and a negatively ionized Prussian blue nanoparticle dispersion (DeLongchamp and Hammond, 2004). The resultant organic/inorganic nanocomposites exhibited good smoothness and a classical linear increase in film thickness with assembly steps. In... 

The obtained results show that addition of PPy nanoparticles leads to a similar increase in tensile strength and Young s modulus of pure PP in both nanocomposite sets. Although the values are not identical, the values for nanocomposites involving dispersant did not exhibit significant difference compared to ones prepared without dispersant. However, the effect of... 

Park CH, Kim HK, Lee CH, Park HB, Lee YM (2009) Nafion nanocomposite membranes effect of fluorosurfactants on hydrophobic silica nanoparticle dispersion and direct methanol fuel cell performance. J Power Sources 194 646-654... 

The mechanical performances of polymer nanocomposites are influenced not only by several factors such as properties and amounts of the constituent phases (matrix and nanofiller), nanoparticle dispersion, morphology, and orientation, the matrix-filler interactions but also by the degree of crystallinity and crystalline phases of the polymer, as described... 

To create nanocomposites materials with specific applications the nanoparticles dispersion control into the polymer matrices still remains a critical challenge for researchers. So, the development of nanocomposite materials requires control over nanoparticle distribution in the polymer matrix. Making connections between nanoparticle dispersion, enhanced the macroscale properties and evaluated the end of life of this materials is then a crucial aspects that is only now beginning to be considered by researchers around the world. So, make these connections is essential to better development and application of the nanotechnology in the near future. 

While almost all papers on nanocomposite aerogels containing metal oxide nanoparticles dispersed in an insulating matrix refer to silica-based systems, a few examples are also available for other matrices. 

Jouault Nicolas, Lee Danmi, Zhao Dan, and Kumar K. Sanat. Block-copolymer-mediated nanoparticle dispersion and assembly in polymer nanocomposites. Adv. Mater. 26 no. 24 (2014a) 4031-4036. 

---