Nanocomposites reinforcement

Nanocomposites General Motors and Basell Polyolefins continue the development of nanocomposites for high-volume applications in external trim parts such as body panels. Three grades of TPO-based nanocomposites reinforced with 2.5% nanoclay have been commercialized by Basell Polyolefins. The first application of these nanocomposites was a low-volume minivan step option. 

Cheng Q (2010) Green nanocomposites reinforced with cellulosic crystals isolated from juvenile poplar. In Proceedings International Convention of Society of Wood Science and Technology and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe - Timber Committee October 11-14, Geneva, Switzerland, Paper NT-6 1... 

The effects of carbon-based nanofillers of EG, MWCNTs, and CNFs on the AC conductivity and dielectric constant of elastomeric grade EVA (50% vinyl acetate content) at a particular frequency of 12 Hz, are shown in Fig. 29a, b [194]. EVA-EG, EVA-T, and EVA-F represent EVA-based nanocomposites reinforced with EG, MWCNT, and CNF respectively. 

In terms of nanocomposite reinforcement of thermoplastic starch polymers there has been many exciting new developments. Dufresne [62] and Angles [63] highlight work on the use of microcrystalline whiskers of starch and cellulose as reinforcement in thermoplastic starch polymer and synthetic polymer nanocomposites. They find excellent enhancement of properties, probably due to transcrystallisation processes at the matrix/fibre interface. McGlashan [64] examine the use of nanoscale montmorillonite into thermoplastic starch/polyester blends and find excellent improvements in film blowability and tensile properties. Perhaps surprisingly McGlashan [64] also found an improvement in the clarity of the thermoplastic starch based blown films with nanocomposite addition which was attributed to disruption of large crystals. 

V. Favier, H. Chanzy, and J. Y. Cavaille, Polymer nanocomposites reinforced by cellulose whiskers, Macromolecules, 28 (1995) 6365-6367. 

The elastomeric nanocomposites reinforcement degree EJE description was derived as in what follows [3] ... 

From Eq. (6.37) it follows that nanofiller particle (aggregates of particles) surface dimension d s the parameter, controlling nanocomposites reinforcement degree [53]. This postulate corresponds to the known principle about the decisive role of numerous division surfaces in nanomateri-als as the basis of their properties change [54]. From Eqs. (6.4) to (6.6) it follows unequivocally that the value is defined by nanofiller particles... 

Meanwhile the following formula can be used for determining the degree of elastomeric nanocomposite reinforcement (EJEJ ... 

Polymer-based nanocomposites reinforced with nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much interest due to their homogeneity, relatively easy processability, and tunable physicochemical properties, such as mechanical, magnetic, electric, thermoelectric, and electronic properties [2,19-36], High particle loading is required for certain industrial applications, such as electromagnetic-wave absorbers [37,38], photovoltaic cells (solar cells) [39,40], photo detectors, and smart structures [41 3]. A nanoparticle core with a polymer shell renders many industrial applications possible, such as nanofluids and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 

Pei, A H., Malho, J. M., Ruokolainen, J., Zhou, Q., and Berglund, L. A (2011). Strong nanocomposite reinforcement effects in polyurethane elastomer with low volume fraction of cellulose nanocrystals. Macromolecules. 44,4422-4427. 

Huang, J., Zou, J.W., Chang, P.R., Yu, J.H., Dufresne, A. New waterborne polyurethane-based nanocomposites reinforced with low loading levels of chitin whisker. Express Polym. Lett. 5, 362-373 (2011)... 

Polypropylene Nanocomposite Reinforced with Rice Straw Fibril and Fibril Aggregates... 

Due to its ease of implementation, electrospinning has received a lot of attention as a technique to produce nanoflbres [83]. When the diameter of polymer fibre materials shrinks from the microscale to the submicro or nanoscale, several new characteristics appear, such as enhanced surface area-to-volume ratio and a superior mechanical performance [84]. Therefore, biopolymer nanofibrous mats show great potential to be used as particle filters, nanocomposite reinforcing fibres, protective clothing and in biomedical applications like wound dressings, sutures, tissue engineering scaffolds, implantable devices and drug delivery [83-85]. 

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