Nano-tribology

Bhushan B 1999 Handbook of MIcro/Nano Tribology (Booa Raton, FL CRC)... 

Bhushan, B., Handbook of Micro/Nano Tribology, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1999. 

TFL is an important sub-discipline of nano tribology. TFL in an ultra-thin clearance exists extensively in micro/nano components, integrated circuit (IC), micro-electromechanical system (MEMS), computer hard disks, etc. The impressive developments of these techniques present a challenge to develop a theory of TFL with an ordered structure at nano scale. In TFL modeling, two factors to be addressed are the microstructure of the fluids and the surface effects due to the very small clearance between two solid walls in relative motion [40]. 

Study on mechanisms of ordered molecular films as a model lubricant is of particular importance in the field of micro and nano-tribology, for it would help to understand how molecules contribute to the creation of friction and wear. The understanding has been much improved in recent years through MD simulations, performed by investigators around the world, to detect interactions between the molecular films in relative motion, and to reveal the process and specific mode of energy dissipation. 

With the rapid progress of microtribology, in 1991, Granick hrst pointed out the conception of Nano-tribology ... 

Yang, M. C., Study on Nano-Tribology at Head/Disk Interface of Computer Hard Disk Drives," Ph.D. Thesis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2001. 

B. Busham, Ed., Handbook ofMicro/Nano Tribology, 2nd ed., CRS Press, New York, 1999. 

Zhao WJ, Mo YF, Pu JB et al (2009) Effect of cation on micro/nano-tribological properties of ultra-thin ionic liquid films. Tribol Int 42 828-835... 

Bushan B (ed) (1995) Handbook of Micro/nano tribology, CRC, Boca Raton... 

DLC-EL textured film with dense dimples and further chemically modified with IL monolayer showed significantly enhanced micro-/nano-tribological performance compared with DLC- IL textured surface with sparse dimples without chemical modification. 

Imidazolium-based crown-type phosphate ionic liquid ultrathin films were fabricated on silicon substrates modified by a self-assembled monolayer. The dual-layer films show enhanced micro -nano -tribological properties as compared to single-component ionic liquid [72]. 

Lateral forces vary as a function of applied surface potential and ion structure due to changes in the composition of the ion layer, from cation-enriched (at negative potentials) to mixed (at 0 V), and to anion-enriched (at positive potentials). Four ILs with different cations and the FAP (tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate) anion show similar nano-tribological behaviour low friction at negative potentials and higher friction at positive potentials. At neutral potentials the behaviour is consistent with a discontinuous sliding process [90]. 

Zhao W, Pu J, Yu Q, Zeng Z, Wu X, Xue Q (2013) A novel strategy to enhance micro/nano-tribological properties of DLC film by combining micro-pattern and thin ionic liquids film. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 428 70-78. doi 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.03.047... 

The results obtained by the EQCM contain information relevant to the understanding of phenomena in the area of nano-tribology, where techniques such as surface force apparatus and atomic force microscopy are used. In both cases the results carry information regarding the properties of a nano-scale layer of liquid at the interface. 

M. Scherge and S.N. Gorb, Biological Micro- and Nano-tribology (Springer, Berlin, 2001). 

K. L. Johnson, The contribution of micro/nano tribology to the interpretation of dry friction, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs, 214 Part C, 11 22 (2000). 

Majumdar, A. Bushan, B. In Handbook of Micro/Nano Tribology, Bushan, B., Ed. CRC Press Boca Raton, 1995, pp. 109-165. 

Bhushan B. Handbook ofMicro/Nano Tribology, 2nd ed. Boca Raton CRC Press, 1999 Blees M.H., Winkelman G.B., Balkenende A.R., den Toonder J.M.J. The effect of friction on cratch adhesion testing application to a sol-gel coating on polypropylene. Thin Solid Films 2000 359 1-13... 

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