Nano solar cell

Skin therapy with medicine Minimal impedance to air Efficiency in trapping aerosol particles Anti-biochemical gases Micro/nano electronic devices Electrostatic dissipation Electromagnetic interference shielding Hiotovoltaic devices—nano-solar cell LCD devices... 

Given the actual scenario, one can state that the emerging field of nanotechnology represents new effort to exploit new materials as well as new technologies in the development of efficient and low-cost solar cells. In fact, the technological capabilities to manipulate matter under controlled conditions in order to assemble complex supramolecular structures within the range of 100 nm could lead to innovative devices (nano-devices) based on unconventional photovoltaic materials, namely, conducting polymers, fuUerenes, biopolymers (photosensitive proteins), and related composites. 

Nakato K, Takabayashi S, Imanishi A, Murakoshi K, Nakato Y (2004) Stabilization of n-Si electrodes by surface alkylation and metal nano-dot coating for use in efficient photoelectrochemical solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 83 323-330... 

Zukalova, M. Zukal, A. Kavan, L. Nazeeruddin, M. K. Liska, P Gratzel, M. 2005. Organized mesoporous Ti02 films exhibiting greatly enhanced performance in dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett. 5 1789-1792. 

X. Wang, L. Zhi, K. Mullen, Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells, Nano Letters, 8 (2008) 323-327. 

In addition to their potential use as structural composites, these macroscopic assemblies of nanocarbons have shown promise as mechanical sensors [83], artificial muscles [84], capacitors [85], electrical wires [59], battery elements [85], dye-sensitized solar cells [86], transparent conductors [87], etc. What stands out is not only the wide range of properties of these type of materials but also the possibility of engineering them to produce such diverse structures, ranging from transparent films to woven fibers. This versatility derives from their hierarchical structure consisting of multiple nano building blocks that are assembled from bottom to top. 

Chen T, Qiu L, Cai Z, Gong F, Yang Z, Wang Z, et al. Intertwined aligned carbon nanotube fiber based dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett. 2012 Apr 13 12(5) 2568-72. 

Jang, Y. H. Xin, X. Byun, M. Jang, Yu J. Lin, Z. Kim, D. H., An Unconventional Route to High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells via Embedding Graphitic Thin Films into Ti02 Nanoparticle Photoanode. Nano Letters 2012,12 479-485. 

Tiwana, P. Docampo, P. Johnston, M.B. Snaith, H.J. Herz, L.M., Electron Mobility and Injection Dynamics in Mesoporous ZnO, Sn02, and Ti02 Films Used in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS Nano 2011, 5 5158-5166. 

Kongkanand, A. Martinez Dominguez, R. Kamat, P. V., Single wall carbon nanotube scaffolds for photoelectrochemical solar cells. Capture and transport of photogenerated electrons. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 676-680. 

Yang, N. Zhai, J. Wang, D. Chen, Y. Jiang, L., Two-dimensional graphene bridges enhanced photoinduced charge transport in dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 887-894. 

Ren, S. Bernardi, M. Lunt, R. R. Bulovic, V. Grossman, J. C. Gradecak, S., Toward efficient carbon nanotube/P3ht solar cells Active layer morphology, electrical, and optical properties. Nano Lett. 2011,11, 5316-5321. 

Use of highly-ordered Ti02 nanotube arrays in dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett 6 215-218... 

Mor, G. K. Shankar, K. Paulose, M. Varghese, 0. K. Grimes, C. A. (2006) Use of highly ordered Ti02 nanotube arrays in dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Letters 6 215-218... 

Zhu, K. Neale, N. R. Miedaner, A. Frank, A. J. (2007) Enhanced charge-collection efficiencies and light scattering in dye-sensitized solar cells using oriented Ti02 nanotubes arrays. Nano Letters 7 69-74... 

Tang YB, Lee CS, Xu J et al (2010) Incorporation of graphenes in nanostructured Ti02 films via molecular grafting for dye-sensitized solar cell application. ACS Nano 4 3482-3488... 

Li SS, Tu KH, Lin CC et al (2010) Solution-processable graphene oxide as an efficient hole transport layer in polymer solar cells. ACS Nano 4 3169-3174... 

Wu JB, Becerril HA, Bao ZN, Liu ZF, Chen YS, Penmans P (2008) Organic solar cells with solution-processed graphene transparent electrodes. Appl Phys Lett 92 263302 De Arco LG, Zhang Y, Schlenker CW, Ryu K, Thompson ME, Zhou CW (2010) Continuous, highly flexible, and transparent graphene films by chemical vapor deposition for organic photovoltaics. Acs Nano 4 2865... 

Once MNT-enabled solar energy becomes the exclusive energy source, problems such as acid rain and smog should not exist. In addition, future vehicles that are constructed from nano-materials, driven by nano-electromechanical systems and powered by hydrogen fuel cells (see Fig. 7) or solar cells (see Fig. 8) should totally eliminate transportation-related S02 and NOx emission. Therefore, the anthropogenic release of S02 and NOx that has assaulted the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution should be ceased further acidification of the environment and the threat to human health will be relieved [31-33]. 

Ma, T.L., M. Akiyama, E. Abe and I. Imai (2005). High-elHciency dye-sensitized solar cell based on a nitrogen-doped nanostructured titania electrode. Nano Letters, 5(12), 2543-2547. 

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