Nano-biomaterials

Layer-by-layer (LbL) technique has been increasingly used for preparing 2-D nano biomaterial in the past decade due to its abihty to precisely control layer structure and thickness. LbL technique is essentially based on strong interactions like electrostatic interaction between adjacent molecule layers to form assemblies. More importantly, LbL architecture provides a unique platform for creating biomimetic environment to support cell functions and tissue assembly by incorporating various materials of excellent biological and mechanical properties [13]. 

S. Maiti, S. Mukherjee, R. Datta, Core-shell nano-biomaterials for controlled oral delivery and pharmacodynamic activity of glibenclamide. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 70, 20-25 (2014)... 

XPS is another widely employed technique used to characterize the surface of (nano)biomaterials. XPS has a much smaller sampling depth (ca. 10 nm) and is, thus, a more sensitive surface analysis technique than FTIR-ATR. This is because the mean free average path of the X-ray that excites electrons in polymers for XPS is typically only 5-10 nm. XPS has been used extensively in the study of polymer composite surfaces to investigate the extent of surface modification, polymer chain mobility, contamination, and degradation processes. 

The research activities of biomaterials in SICCAS cover a wide range including bioactive materials and tissue engineering scaffolds, nano-biomaterials for controlled drug release, bio-Iabeling and diagnostic, biomaterials surface engineering for medical implants, optical fiber materials for medical device etc. In this paper, two research areas will be introduced. 

Kwon K, Kidoaki S, and Matsuda T. Electrospun nano- to microfiber fabrics made of biodegradable copolyesters Structural characteristics, mechanical properties and cell adhesion potential. Biomaterials, 2005, 26, 3929-3939. 

Sayes CM, Gobin AM, Ausman KD, Mendez J, West JL, Colvin VL (2005) Nano-C60 cytotoxicity is due to lipid peroxidation. Biomaterials 26 7587-7595. 

Price RL, Waid MC, Haberstroh KM et al (2003) Selective bone cell adhesion on formulations containing carbon nano-fibers. Biomaterials 24 1877-1887... 

Forster, S., Konrad, M. (2003). From self-organising polymers to nano- and biomaterials. 

Supplementary to the technical use of nano celluloses reviewed in the previous sections, BC in particular has great potential as a natural biomaterial for the development of medical devices and applications in healthcare and veterinary medicine. 

Biomaterials, Synthesis, Fabrication, and Applications Bioreactors Distillation electrochemical Engineering Fluid Dynamics Membrane Structure Membranes, Synthetic (Chemistry) Molecular Hydrodynamics Nano-structured Materials, Chemistry of Pharmaceuticals, Controlled Release of Solvent Extraction Wastewater Treatment and Water Reclamation... 

A variety of assays are being reported in the literature which measure the interaction of cells with biomaterials, be they surfaces of various textures or micro or nano-particulates. While considerable attention has been paid to proper preparation of the materials and their surfaces, less has been paid to the cells used as probes in such assays. We suggest that where possible, primary human cell cultures at relatively low PD numbers from isolation are used, of a cell type directly relevant to the material application, or in toxicity studies, the exposed tissue. We suggest very significantly erroneous conclusions may be drawn from assays using inappropriate cells. If sufficient quantities of low PD primaries are not available, it may be possible to use telomerase transfected cells with extended lifespan, but these must first be verified against the non-transfected cells in the assay to be employed. Furthermore, care must be taken to conduct such assays at a controlled temperature, preferably at the temperature the material will be subjected to in the body. 

K. Fujihara, M. Kotak, S. Ramakrishn. 2005. Guided bone regeneration membrane made of polycaprolactone/calcium carbonate composite nano-fibers. Biomaterials, 26. pp.4139-4147. 

S. Kidoaki, K. Kwon, T. Matsuda.2005. Mesoscopic spatial designs of nano- and microfiber meshes fortissue-engineering matrix and scaffold based on newly devised multilayering and mixing elecfrospinning techniques. Biomaterials, 26. pp. 37-46. 

This book contains papers from the Fourth International Conference on Computational Methods and Experiments in Materials Characterisation which brought researchers who use computational methods, those who perform experiments, and of course those who do both, in all areas of materials characterisation, to discuss their recent results and ideas, in order to foster the multidisciplinary approach that has become necessary for the study of complex phenomena. The papers in the book cover the follow topics Advances in Composites Ceramics and Advanced Materials Alloys Cements Biomaterials Thin Films and Coatings Imaging and Image Analysis Thermal Analysis New Methods Surface Chemistry Nano Materials Damage Mechanics Fatigue and Fracture Innovative Computational Techniques Computational Models and Experiments Mechanical Characterisation and Testing. 

Zeugolis DI et al (2008) Electro-spinning of pure collagen nano-fibres - Just an expensive way to make gelatin Biomaterials 29(15) 2293-2305... 

Yang F et al (2005) Electrospinning of nano/micro scale poly(L-lactic acid) aligned fibers and their potential in neural tissue engineering. Biomaterials 26(15) 2603-2610... 

Arias, J.L., Mayor, M.B., Pou, J., Leng, Y., Leon, B., and Perez-Amor, M. (2003) Micro- and nano-testing of calcium phosphate coatings produced by pulsed laser deposition. Biomaterials, 24, 3403-3408. 

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