Names of chemical compounds

Nomenclature, the naming of chemical compounds, is extremely important. When the time comes, learn the rules and apply them. Calling a chemical... 

Common names of chemical compounds are generally much shorter than the corresponding systematic names. The systematic names for water, ammonia, and methane, for example, are dihydrogen monoxide, H20 trihydrogen nitride, NH3 and tetrahydrogen carbide, CH4. For these compounds, which would you rather use common names or systematic names ... 

The names of chemical compounds may consist of one or more words, and they may include locants, descriptors, and syllabic portions. Locants and descriptors can be numerals, element symbols, small capital letters, Greek letters, Latin letters, italic words and letters, and combinations of these. Treat the word or syllabic portions of chemical names just like other common nouns use roman type, keep them lowercase in text, capitalize them at the beginnings of sentences and in titles, and hyphenate them only when they do not fit completely on one line. 

Write the names of chemical compounds in roman type and treat them as common nouns. (Names for chemical compounds are discussed further in Chapter 12.)... 

The exact names of chemical compounds and their origin are given in Table 7. 

Chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS and LC-MS/MS) have also been applied in many combinations. A library of reference mass spectra is an integral part of each type of GC-MS apparatus, enabling typing of spectra that are potentially similar to the identified compound. For the GC-MS-EI technique, a combination of two previously separate libraries, Wiley and NIST 2008 (W8/N08), should be mentioned because of its extensiveness. Library W8/N08 contains 562,000 El spectra, 5308 spectra of parent ions (precursors) subjected to fragmentation by the MS/MS technique, over 2 million names of chemical compounds and their synonyms, 35,000 structural formulae and 43,000 GC retention indices. The Automated Mass Spectrometry... 

Nomenclature has just been mentioned, as has also the fact that words have limitations. In spite of these limitations, particularly as they apply to the naming of chemical compounds, it is well to bear in mind that words play a tremendously important part in the work of scientists as well as of all others. The cooperation necessary for scientific progress depends principally on the use of words. For some purposes chemical formulas, mathematical expressions, and the like take the place of words usefully in... 

The year 1925 brought important changes and improvements in the subject index and the Richter type formula index. There were an increased concentration and a classification into main subject groups and subgroups. Key terms were printed in heavy black type an especially desirable feature was the addition in parentheses of all synonyms and alternate names of chemical compounds next to their main entry, in both the subject and formula indexes. 

This paper attempts to point to some of the early and recent efforts for standardization in chemical nomenclature originating in the United States and gives general information concerning some of the objectives, procedures, and accomplishments. Nomenclature workers sometimes deal with symbols, forms, abbreviations, and pronunciation, and their work sometimes includes trade names. This paper is limited largely to work on the naming of chemical compounds and elements. 

In the language of chemical nomenclature, the simple names of atoms are the words. As words are assembled to form a sentence, so names of atoms are assembled to form names of chemical compounds. Syntax is the set of grammatical rules for building sentences out of words. In nomenclature, syntax includes the use of symbols, such as dots, commas and hyphens, the use of numbers for appropriate reasons in given places, and the order of citation of various words, syllables and symbols. 

This glossary of chemical compounds is provided for the benefit of readers who may not be familiar with names of chemical compounds used in different chapters of this book. Chemical structures are presented, and in some cases other commonly used names for the compound and a brief description of the function or occurrence of the compound are included in the context of the text discussion. More detailed descriptions of most of these compounds can be found in the Merck Index (1983). 

Broad, practical knowledge of Chemical Abstracts nomenclature can help land one of these jobs. In some companies a chemical information specialist composes the names of chemical compounds from structural drawings and draws structures from names. Systematic names are essential ingredients of NBA documents, IND applications, patents, and articles in chemical and pharmacological journals. They are also important in carrying out literature searches and in understanding the results. 

Sellars writes that In reading the names of chemical compounds, many persons are disappointed at their length and unmeaningness to them. (This remains a common complaint among students in Freshman Chemistry courses.) He, thus, develops a simpler alphabetical nomenclature which will he very briefly illustrated. For the five lightest elements known to the author we have ... 

Chemical nomenclature the systematic naming of chemical compounds. (2.8)... 

The appendix gives further details on experimental methods and procedures for both UHV and ambient experiments. Further, gas phase photoelectron spectra of the studied molecules are stated along with assignment of the orbitals from theory. In general, the nomenclature of lUPAC with respect to surface science techniques, and names of chemical compounds is followed [1-3] in this thesis. 

Our first use of oxidation states comes in the naming of chemical compounds in the next section. 

---